1. Ukuqonda uhlalutyo olusisiseko
Uhlalutyo oluphambili sisiseko sezigqibo zotyalo-mali lwexesha elide. Yindlela yokuvavanya ukhuseleko ngokuzama ukulinganisa ixabiso lalo elingaphakathi, ukuvavanya uqoqosho olunxulumeneyo, imali kunye neminye imiba yomgangatho kunye nobungakanani. TradeAbasebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko badla ngokusebenzisa iingxelo zemali njengomthombo wabo ongundoqo wedatha. Bajonga izinto ezifana nemivuzo, ingeniso, imida yengeniso, kunye nembuyekezo kubulungisa phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Undoqo wale ndlela yinkolelo yokuba elona xabiso lenkampani lisenokungabonakali kwixabiso layo langoku. TradeNgokusebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko bakholelwa ukuba imakethi isenokuphosa ukhuseleko ngexesha elifutshane kodwa, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ixabiso lokwenyani liya kubonwa. Ke ngoko, abatyali-mali bangenza inzuzo ngokuthenga ezi ziqinisekiso zingafanelekanga kwaye balindele intengiso ukuba ibone impazamo yayo.
Ukongezelela, uhlalutyo olusisiseko lukwabandakanya nokufunda malunga nolawulo lwenkampani, intengiso yayo yokhuphiswanovantages, abo bakhuphisana nabo, kunye neemarike esebenza kuzo. Olu hlobo lolwazi olunzulu luxabiseke kakhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo zokurhweba ezinolwazi.
Iibalance sheets, iingxelo zengeniso, kunye neengxelo zokungena nokuphuma kwemali ngamaxwebhu aphambili asetyenziswa kuhlalutyo olusisiseko. La maxwebhu anika isishwankathelo sempilo yemali yenkampani kwaye anokunceda traders ukuchonga amathuba otyalo-mali anokubakho.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uhlalutyo olusisiseko alukho nje malunga nokunyuka kwamanani. Ikwabandakanya uhlolo oluzimeleyo lwendlela elawulwa ngayo inkampani, ukuqondwa kohlobo lwayo, kunye nezinye izinto ezingenakulinganiswa.
Ekugqibeleni, injongo yohlalutyo olusisiseko kukuvelisa ixabiso lexabiso elinokuthi umtyalo-mali aqhathanise nexabiso langoku lokhuseleko, ngenjongo yokufumanisa ukuba luhlobo luni lwesimo esinokuluthatha kunye nolo khuseleko (ixabiso eliphantsi = ukuthenga, ukugqithiswa = ukuthengisa okanye ukufutshane) .
Khumbula, uhlalutyo olusisiseko yindlela enye yokuhlalutya esitokisini. Ezinye iindlela ziquka uhlalutyo lobugcisa kunye nohlalutyo lobungakanani. Indlela nganye inamandla kunye nobuthathaka kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ngokubambisana nabanye ukwenza izigqibo zokurhweba ezinolwazi.
Uhlalutyo olusisiseko sisixhobo esinamandla a trader's arsenal, kodwa njengaso nasiphi na isixhobo, ilungile kuphela njengomntu oyisebenzisayo. Ifuna isixa esibalulekileyo sophando kunye nokuqonda iimarike zemali. Noko ke, imivuzo inokuba nkulu kwabo bayisebenzisayo kakuhle.
Nokuba unamava trader okanye uqala nje, ukuqonda uhlalutyo olusisiseko kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yakho kwihlabathi lokurhweba. Ayisiyonto ilula ukuyiqonda, kodwa ngexesha kunye nomzamo, unokuba nobuchule kwaye wenze izigqibo zokurhweba ezinolwazi ngakumbi.
1.1. Inkcazo yohlalutyo olusisiseko
Analysis Fundamental yindlela ebanzi yokuqonda ixabiso elingaphakathi lokhuseleko, nokuba sisitokhwe, ibhondi, okanye yorhwebo. Le ndlela isekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba eyona xabiso lokhuseleko, elisisiseko lisenokungasoloko libonisa ixabiso langoku lemarike. Ngokugrumba nzulu kwidatha yezemali, kubandakanywa neengxelo zengeniso, i-balance sheets, kunye neengxelo zokuhamba kwemali, umhlalutyi osisiseko uzama ukuqiniseka ngexabiso lokwenyani lenkampani.
Akunjalo ngamanani kuphela, nangona. Uhlalutyo olusisiseko lukwabandakanya ukujonga ngokubanzi kwimiba enokuba nefuthe kwixabiso lokhuseleko. Oku kunokubandakanya yonke into ukusuka kwisimo soqoqosho ngokubanzi, iintsingiselo zeshishini, ukuya kwimpumelelo yolawulo lwenkampani.
Analysis Fundamental sisicwangciso sotyalo-mali lwexesha elide. Ayifuni ukwenza imali ekuguquguqukeni kweemarike kwixesha elifutshane, kunoko ukuchonga utyalo-mali oluya kuthakazelelwa ixesha elide. Imalunga nokuthenga i-stake kwikamva lenkampani, hayi nje okwangoku.
Kwihlabathi lokuthengisa, apho ukungazinzi kukuphela kohlahlelo olungaguquguqukiyo, olusisiseko olusebenza njengesikhokhelo sekhampasi traders ukuya kutyalo-mali oluvakalayo, lwexesha elide. Ayisosiqinisekiso sempumelelo, kodwa sisixhobo sokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi nokulawula ingozi kwimarike engalindelekanga.
Khumbula, injongo yohlalutyo olusisiseko asikokulandela imarike, kodwa ukuyiqonda. Kwaye ngokwenza njalo, kuyaxhobisa traders ukwenza izigqibo ezingasekelwanga kuthelekelelo, kodwa kuphando lwenkuthalo nakwingqiqo evakalayo.
1.2. Ukubaluleka koHlahlelo oluSisiseko kuRhwebo
Kwindawo yokurhweba, ukuqonda okunzulu uhlalutyo oluphambili kufana nokuba nesixhobo esiyimfihlo. Yindlela yokujonga eyona nto iphambili kwinkampani, iphonononga impilo yayo yezemali, indawo enokhuphiswano, kunye neemeko zentengiso zizonke. Le nkqubo, nangona intsonkothile, iluncedo ekwenzeni izigqibo zokurhweba ezinolwazi.
Impilo yezemali ngumqolo wayo nayiphi na inkampani, kwaye uhlalutyo olusisiseko lubandakanya uphononongo olucokisekileyo lweengxelo zemali zenkampani. Oku kuquka i-balance sheets, iingxelo zengeniso, kunye neengxelo zokungena nokuphuma kwemali. Ngokwenza njalo, traders inokulinganisa inzuzo yenkampani, amanqanaba etyala, kunye nempumelelo yokusebenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ukuma kokhuphiswano yenye inkalo ebalulekileyo yohlalutyo olusisiseko. Ibandakanya ukuqonda ukuma kwenkampani kushishino lwayo, isabelo sayo semarike, kunye nentengiso yayo yokhuphiswanovantages okanye disadvantages. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekuqikeleleni amandla enkampani okukhula kunye nenzuzo kwixesha elizayo.
Ngaphaya koko, uhlalutyo olusisiseko lukwathathela ingqalelo ngokubanzi iimeko zentengiso. Oku kunokubandakanya izalathisi zoqoqosho, iintsingiselo zeshishini, kunye neziganeko ze-geopolitical ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkampani. Ngokubandakanya olu lwazi kwisicwangciso sabo sokurhweba, traders banokulindela ngcono iintshukumo zentengiso kwaye benze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi.
Ngokwenyani, uhlalutyo olusisiseko yindlela ebanzi eyenza traders ukuqonda kungekuphela nje ixabiso langoku lenkampani, kodwa ixabiso layo lekamva elinokubakho. Sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwizicwangciso zotyalo-mali lwexesha elide, kodwa sikwaluncedo nakwizigqibo zorhwebo zexesha elifutshane. Ngokubamba okuqinileyo kohlalutyo olusisiseko, tradeI-rs inokuhamba ngcono kwihlabathi elintsonkothileyo lorhwebo, ukwenza izigqibo ezingachazwanga nje, kodwa zinobuchule.
1.3. Umahluko phakathi koHlahlelo oluSisiseko kunye noHlalutyo lobuGcisa
Ngoxa babini uhlalutyo oluphambili kwaye uhlalutyo yobugcisa zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kuluhlu lwabo bonke abaphumeleleyo trader, basondela kwimarike kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Uhlalutyo olusisiseko lujolise kwixabiso langaphakathi lokhuseleko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo uluhlu olubanzi lwemiba yezoqoqosho neyemali njengemivuzo yenkampani, iimeko zeshishini, kunye nezalathi zoqoqosho olukhulu. Sisicwangciso sexesha elide esijolise ekuchongeni izibambiso ezingabalulekanga okanye ezigqithisiweyo, kwaye zihlala zithandwa ngabatyalo-mali abafuna ukukhula kwexesha elide okanye ixabiso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlalutyo lobugcisa lumalunga nokufunda iindlela zezibalo eziqokelelwe kwimisebenzi yokurhweba, njengokuhamba kwexabiso kunye nomthamo. Isebenza kwinkolelo yokuba umsebenzi worhwebo wembali kunye notshintsho lwexabiso lunokuba luphawu olunamandla lokuziphatha kweemarike kwixesha elizayo. Abahlalutyi bezobugcisa basebenzisa iitshathi kunye nezalathisi ukuchonga iipateni ezinokubonisa umsebenzi wexesha elizayo, okwenza kube yiqhinga lokuya kwixesha elifutshane. traders kunye nosuku traders.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kolu hlalutyo mbini ukwixesha elibekiweyo kunye nedatha abayiqwalaselayo. Uhlalutyo oluphambili yindlela yokwenza efuna ukuqonda okunzulu kwempilo yezemali, intengiso yokhuphiswanovantage, kunye neemeko zemarike, ngelixa uhlalutyo yobugcisa imalunga nokuqaphela iipateni kunye nokusebenzisa iintsingiselo zamanani ukuqikelela iintshukumo zexesha elizayo. Bobabini banamandla kunye nobuthathaka babo, kwaye baphumelele kakhulu traders sebenzisa indibaniselwano yazo zombini ukwenza izigqibo zorhwebo ezinolwazi.
2. Amacandelo ohlalutyo olusisiseko
Ukuqonda amacandelo ohlalutyo olusisiseko kufana nokudibanisa iphazili yejigsaw. Isiqwenga ngasinye sibonelela ngembono eyahlukileyo yomfanekiso wemali yenkampani, kwaye xa idityanisiwe, ibonelela ngembono ebanzi yempilo yayo yonke.
Okokuqala, kukho Isiteyithimenti sezemali. Ezi zezenkampani ishiti yokudibanisa izibalo, ingxelo yengeniso, kunye nengxelo yokuhamba kwemali. I-balance sheet ichaza ukuba yeyiphi na inkampani (i-asethi) kunye namatyala (amatyala), ingxelo yengeniso ibonisa ukuba yimalini eyenze yaza yachithwa yinkampani kwixesha elithile, kwaye inkcazo yokuhamba kwemali ibonisa apho imali yenkampani ivela khona kwaye ihambe phi.
Emva koko, kukho umvuzo ngesabelo ngasinye (EPS). Le nxalenye yenzuzo yenkampani eyabelwa isabelo ngasinye esishiyekileyo sempahla eqhelekileyo. I-EPS ephezulu ihlala ibonisa inkampani enengeniso ngakumbi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuyithelekisa nezinye iinkampani ezikwishishini elifanayo.
Okulandelayo, sine ixabiso ukuya kwingeniso (P/E) ratio. Olu luqikelelo lwexabiso lesabelo sangoku senkampani xa kuthelekiswa ne-EPS yayo. Umlinganiselo ophezulu we-P/E unokuthetha ukuba isitokhwe senkampani sixatyiswe kakhulu, okanye mhlawumbi abatyali-mali balindele izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwixesha elizayo.
Elinye icandelo elibalulekileyo yi umlinganiselo wentlawulo yesahlulo. Oku kulinganisa ipesenti yengeniso eshiyekileyo inkampani eyinika abanini-zabelo ngendlela yezabelo. Umlinganiselo ophantsi wentlawulo unokubonisa ukuba inkampani iphinda ityale umvuzo wayo kumathuba okukhula.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho izalathisi zoqoqosho. Ezi ziingxelo ezichaza ngokweenkcukacha impilo yezoqoqosho yelizwe. Ziyakwazi ukusuka kwidatha yengqesho kunye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso amaxabiso kwi-GDP kunye neentengiso zentengiso. Le miba yoqoqosho olukhulu inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwenkampani.
Nganye kula macandelo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuhlalutyo olusisiseko, ukunika tradengokuqonda okuyimfuneko ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo. Ngokuziqonda ezi zinto, tradeI-rs inokulinganisa ixabiso elingaphakathi lenkampani kwaye iqikelele iintshukumo zexabiso elizayo.
2.1. Izalathisi zezoQoqosho
Izalathisi zoqoqosho ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yehlabathi lorhwebo. Ezi zibalo ezimele iimeko zoqoqosho kwaye zinokunceda traders ziqikelela iintsingiselo zemarike. Zikhutshwa zii-arhente zikarhulumente kunye nemibutho engenzi ngeniso ukuze zinike umfanekiso wempilo yezoqoqosho yelizwe.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezalathi zoqoqosho: ukukhokela, ukushiyeka, kunye nokudibana. Izikhokelo ezikhokelayo zezo ziguqukayo phambi kokuba uqoqosho luqale ukulandela ipatheni ethile. Zisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela utshintsho kuqoqosho, kodwa azisoloko zichanekile. Imizekelo yezalathi ezikhokelayo zibandakanya ukusebenza kwemarike yemasheya, iimvume zokwakha, kunye neemvakalelo zabathengi.
Kwelinye icala, izalathi ezishiyekileyo zezo ziguqukayo emva kokuba uqoqosho sele luqalisile ukulandela umkhwa. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ipateni iyenzeka. Imizekelo yezalathi ezisilelayo ibandakanya izinga lokungaphangeli kunye neengeniso zenkampani.
Iimpawu ezingqinelanayo utshintsho ngexesha elifanayo noqoqosho okanye i-stock market. Zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga imeko yangoku yoqoqosho. Imizekelo yezalathi ezingalindelekanga ibandakanya i-GDP, imveliso yamashishini, kunye nengeniso yomntu.
Ukuqonda ezi zalathisi kunokutshintsha umdlalo traders. Banokubonelela ngezimvo ezixabisekileyo kwiindlela zeemarike kunye namathuba otyalo-mali anokubakho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isalathisi esikhokelayo esifana neemvume zokwakha sikhula, sinokubonisa ukuba ishishini lokwakha liza kunyuka. Eli inokuba lixesha elihle traders kutyalomali kwizitokhwe ezinxulumene nolwakhiwo.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izikhombisi zezoqoqosho akufanele zisetyenziswe zodwa. Zisisixhobo nje esinye kwi-a trader izixhobo zebhokisi. Traders kufuneka kwakhona ithathele ingqalelo ezinye izinto ezinje ngeemvakalelo zentengiso, uhlalutyo lobugcisa, kunye neziseko zenkampani xa kusenziwa izigqibo zorhwebo.
Khumbula, isitshixo ekurhwebeni okuyimpumelelo akukona ukuthembela kwisalathisi esisodwa okanye indlela. Endaweni yoko, sebenzisa indibaniselwano yezixhobo kunye nezicwangciso zokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi. Oku kuya kwandisa amathuba akho okuphumelela kwihlabathi eliguquguqukayo lokurhweba.
2.2. IiNkcazo zeMali
ukuqonda Isiteyithimenti sezemali ngumba obalulekileyo wohlalutyo olusisiseko. Ezi nkcazo, eziquka i-balance sheets, izitetimenti zengeniso, kunye neengxelo zokungena nokuphuma kwemali, zibonelela ngombono obanzi wempilo yemali yenkampani. Banikezela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwizinto zenkampani, amatyala, ingeniso, iindleko, kunye nokuhamba kwemali, zonke ezo ziyimiba ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ixabiso lenkampani.
Amashiti ebhalansi chaza ii-asethi zenkampani, amatyala, kunye nokulingana kwabanini zabelo. Ii-asethi zimele yonke into eyeyenkampani, ngelixa amatyala abonisa into etyala inkampani. Umahluko phakathi kwee-asethi kunye namatyala ulingana ne-equity yabanini-zabelo, ebonisa ixabiso eliseleyo lenkampani.
Ingxelo ye ngeniso, ekwaziwa ngokuba yingxelo yengeniso nelahleko, iveza ingeniso yenkampani, iindleko, kunye nengeniso kwithuba elithile. Iqala ngengeniso epheleleyo yenkampani, isusa iindleko zeempahla ezithengisiweyo (COGS) ukuze zifike kwingeniso epheleleyo. Emva koko, itsala iindleko zokusebenza, irhafu kunye nenzala ukuze ibone ingeniso eseleyo. Ingeniso eshiyekileyo luphawu oluphambili lwenzuzo yenkampani.
Ingxelo yokuhamba kwemali bonisa indlela inkampani eyenza kwaye ichithe ngayo imali ngexesha elithile. Yahlula ukuhamba kwemali ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: imisebenzi, utyalo-mali, kunye nenkxaso-mali. Ukungena kakuhle kwemali evela kwimisebenzi kubonisa ukuba inkampani yenza imali eyaneleyo kwizinto zayo eziphambili zeshishini.
Ngokuphonononga ezi nkcazo zemali, traders inokuhlola uzinzo lwemali yenkampani, ukukhula okunokwenzeka, kunye nengeniso. Oku, kunokubanceda benze izigqibo ezizizo malunga nokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa izitokhwe zenkampani. Khumbula, ukuqonda okuqinileyo kweengxelo zemali ngumqolo wohlalutyo oluyimpumelelo olusisiseko.
2.3. Ulawulo lweNkampani kunye neNdawo yoKhuphiswano
Kwindawo yorhwebo, ukuqonda ulawulo lwenkampani kunye nesikhundla sayo sokhuphiswano kubaluleke kakhulu. Olu lwazi lunokuchaphazela kakhulu izigqibo zakho zotyalo-mali kunye nesicwangciso sokurhweba ngokubanzi. Ulawulo lwenkampani luyingqondo yombutho. Inoxanduva lokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezikhokela ukukhula kwenkampani kunye nengeniso. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba traders ukuphonononga i irekhodi labaphathi, amava abo, kunye nobuchule babo bokwenza izigqibo.
Iqela lolawulo elinamava elinerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yokwenza izigqibo eziphilileyo zemali linokuba sisalathisi esinamandla sempumelelo yenkampani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqela lolawulo elinembali yokuthatha isigqibo esibi linokuba yiflegi ebomvu. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuphonononga iingxelo zonyaka zenkampani, ushicilelo lweendaba, kunye nolunye ulwazi loluntu ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwabaphathi.
I nkampani isikhundla sokhuphiswano kwimarike yenye inkalo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kuhlalutyo olusisiseko. Ibhekisa kukuma kwenkampani xa kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana nabo. Inkampani enesikhundla esinamandla sokhuphiswano ihlala inesiphakamiso sokuthengisa esisodwa (USP), isiseko sabathengi abathembekileyo, ikhonkco lokubonelela olomeleleyo, okanye itekhnoloji ephezulu enika umphetho ngaphezulu kwabo bakhuphisana nabo.
Ngokuhlalutya imeko yokhuphiswano lwenkampani, traders unokufumana ulwazi malunga nokubanakho kwenkampani kwimpumelelo yexesha elide. Isikhundla esinamandla sokhuphiswano sinokubonisa amandla enkampani ukwenza inzuzo engaguqukiyo, ngelixa indawo ebuthathaka yokhuphiswano inokucebisa ngokuchaseneyo. Ngoko ke, tradeRS kufuneka inike ingqwalasela enkulu kwisabelo semalike yenkampani, izicwangciso zayo zokukhuphisana, kunye nokhuphiswano jikelele lobume beshishini.
Ngokwenyani, ukuqonda ulawulo lwenkampani kunye nesikhundla sokhuphiswano linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuhlalutyo olusisiseko. Iyabonelela traders kunye nokuqonda okuxabisekileyo okunokubanceda ukuba benze izigqibo zotyalo-mali benolwazi. Ke, ungawuhoyi lo mba wohlalutyo lwakho olusisiseko. Ngena nzulu kulawulo lwenkampani kunye nesikhundla sokhuphiswano ukutyhila amathuba okurhweba anokubakho.
3. Ukusebenza ngokuSebenzayo koHlahlelo oluSisiseko
Uhlalutyo oluphambili sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na trader ujonge ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi. Le ndlela yohlalutyo ingena nzulu kwimpilo yezemali yenkampani, ukufunda yonke into ukusuka kwiingxelo zengeniso ukuya kwindawo yentengiso, ukuvavanya ixabiso layo elingaphakathi. Ngokungafaniyo nohlalutyo lobugcisa, olujolise kwiipateni zexabiso kunye neendlela, uhlalutyo olusisiseko lufuna ukuqonda izinto eziqhuba ezo ndlela.
Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kolu hlalutyo kuqala ngokuqonda inkampani Isiteyithimenti sezemali. Ezi ziquka i-balance sheet, i-income statement, kunye ne-cash flow statement. Banikezela ngobutyebi bolwazi malunga nempahla yenkampani, amatyala, umvuzo kunye nokuhamba kwemali. Ngokuvavanya le miba, unokulinganisa impilo yemali yenkampani kunye namandla ayo okukhula kwixesha elizayo.
Uhlalutyo lomlinganiselo yenye inkalo ephambili yohlalutyo olusisiseko. Oku kubandakanya ukuthelekisa iimetriki zemali ezahlukeneyo ukuqonda ukusebenza kwenkampani. Ezinye izilinganiso ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka iNtengo / uMvuzo (P / E), ukuBuyisela kwi-Equity (ROE), kunye neTyala / i-Equity (D / E). Olu lungelelwaniso lunokubonelela ngemibono kwinzuzo yenkampani, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuzinza kwezemali.
Uhlalutyo lweshishini yenye into ebalulekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukufunda ishishini apho inkampani isebenza khona, kuquka abo bakhuphisana nabo, iintsingiselo zemarike, kunye nokusingqongileyo kwezoqoqosho ngokubanzi. Ngokuqonda ezi zinto, unokuqikelela ngcono ukuba utshintsho kwishishini lunokuthi lube nefuthe kwindlela yokusebenza kwenkampani.
Izalathisi zoqoqosho zikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yohlalutyo olusisiseko. Oku kunokubandakanya idatha yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukungasebenzi, ukukhula kweGDP, kunye nokunye. Ezi zalathi zinokunika ulwazi kwimpilo yoqoqosho ngokubanzi, nto leyo enokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kwenkampani.
Ngokwenyani, usetyenziso olusebenzayo lohlalutyo olusisiseko lubandakanya uphononongo olucokisekileyo lwemali yenkampani, ishishini layo, kunye noqoqosho olubanzi. Ngokuqonda ezi ndawo, traders banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi kwaye banokuphucula iziphumo zabo zorhwebo.
3.1. Amanyathelo okuqhuba uhlalutyo olusisiseko
Inyathelo lokuQala: Uhlalutyo lwezoQoqosho kulapho uqala khona uhambo lwakho kwihlabathi loHlahlelo oluSisiseko. Apha, uvavanya ubume bezoqoqosho bubonke, ujonge izikhombisi ezifana ne-GDP, amazinga okungasebenzi, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Le miba ye-macroeconomic inokuchaphazela kakhulu imeko yorhwebo, kwaye ukuziqonda kunokukunika isiseko esiluqilima sezigqibo zakho zotyalo-mali.
Inyathelo lesiBini: Uhlalutyo lweshishini ikwenza ungene nzulu kwizinto ezithile. Kweli nyathelo, ugxile kwishishini le-asethi oyicingelayo trade. Ngokufunda iintsingiselo zeshishini, ubungakanani bemarike, amazinga okukhula, kunye nokhuphiswano, unokulinganisa ingeniso enokubakho yecandelo olikhethileyo.
Inyathelo lesiThathu: Uhlalutyo lweNkampani linyathelo lokugqibela kunye nelona lineenkcukacha. Apha, uphonononga impilo yezemali yenkampani, uphonononga iingxelo zemali, iingxelo zemivuzo, kunye noqikelelo lwengeniso. Uya kuvavanya kwakhona iqela labaphathi benkampani, izicwangciso zabo, kunye nerekhodi yabo yokusebenza.
Musa ukulibala: Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngelixa uHlalutyo oluSisiseko lunokubonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo, ayisosiqinisekiso sokusebenza kwexesha elizayo. Sisixhobo sokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezizizo, kodwa kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo nezinye izicwangciso zorhwebo ukwandisa amathuba akho okuphumelela.
3.2. Izixhobo zoHlalutyo oluSisiseko
Uhlalutyo oluphambili lilitye lembombo lorhwebo oluyimpumelelo, kwaye ukuze ukwazi, uya kufuna izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Esinye sezixhobo eziphambili zohlalutyo olusisiseko Isiteyithimenti sezemali. Olu luxwebhu oluyimfuneko olunika isishwankathelo esibanzi sempilo yemali yenkampani. Ibandakanya ingxelo yengeniso, ibhalansi, kunye nengxelo yokuhamba kwemali, enika ulwazi malunga nenzuzo yenkampani, uzinzo lwemali, kunye utywala ngokulandelelana.
Izalathisi zoqoqosho sesinye isixhobo esibalulekileyo. Ezi ziquka idatha efana ne-GDP, amazinga okungasebenzi, kunye nezinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu iintsingiselo zemarike kunye nokusebenza kweenkampani ngabanye. Ezi zalathi zinokunceda traders iqikelela iintshukumo zemarike kwaye yenza izigqibo zorhwebo ezinolwazi.
Izixhobo zokujonga isitokhwe zikwabalulekile kuhlalutyo olusisiseko. Bayanceda tradeI-rs filter stocks esekwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezithile ezifana ne-marketing capitalization, i-P/E ratio, i-dividend isivuno, kunye nokunye. Oku kuvumela traders ukuchonga amathuba otyalo-mali anokuthi ahambelane neqhinga labo lokurhweba.
Iindaba zenkampani kunye neziganeko inokuchaphazela kakhulu ixabiso lesitokhwe senkampani. Ke ngoko, ukuhlala uhlaziywa ngeendaba zamva nje malunga nenkampani, njengeengxelo zengeniso, ukuqaliswa kwemveliso, kunye notshintsho kulawulo, kubalulekile.
Gqi beleni, isoftware yohlalutyo kunye namaqonga inokwenza lula kakhulu inkqubo yohlalutyo olusisiseko. Banikezela ukufikelela ngokulula kubutyebi bedatha, izixhobo zokuhlalutya eziphucukileyo, kunye nobuchule bokutshatisa obuphambili. Oku kuvumela traders ukuhlalutya idatha ngokufanelekileyo kwaye wenze izigqibo ezikhawulezayo, ezinolwazi ngakumbi.
Khumbula, ukubamba uhlalutyo olusisiseko asiyonkqubo yasebusuku. Ifuna umonde, ukuziqhelanisa, kunye nokufunda okuqhubekayo. Kodwa ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuzinikela, kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwakho kwezorhwebo.
3.3. Imida yoHlahlelo oluSisiseko
Nakuba uhlalutyo oluphambili ibonakalise ukuba sisixhobo esisebenzayo kwi trader's arsenal, ayikho ngaphandle kwemida yayo. Omnye wemingeni ephambili kukuba kufuna ixesha elininzi kunye neenzame zokuqokelela, ukutolika, kunye nokuhlalutya lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Oku kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima, ngakumbi kubaqalayo abarhweba abangeke baphuhlise izakhono eziyimfuneko okanye isiseko solwazi.
Ngaphezu koko, uhlalutyo oluphambili ubukhulu becala isekelwe kulwazi loluntu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ayithatheli ngqalelo naluphi na ulwazi olungachazwanga okanye lwangaphakathi. Oku kunokukhokelela kuhlalutyo olungachanekanga okanye olungaphelelanga, olunokuthi emva koko lube nefuthe ekusebenzeni kwezigqibo zakho zokurhweba.
Omnye umda yinto yokuba uhlalutyo oluphambili ubukhulu becala ixhomekeke. Abahlalutyi abahlukeneyo banokutolika idatha efanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, okukhokelela kwizigqibo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuseka isicwangciso esicacileyo nesihambelanayo, ngakumbi kwabo baqala ukurhweba.
Ngaphezulu, i uhlalutyo oluphambili isebenza kwingqikelelo yokuba imarike iya kubonisa ixabiso langaphakathi lesitokhwe kwixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunjalo, ngakumbi kwiimarike eziguquguqukayo okanye ezingenangqondo.
Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuqaphela oko uhlalutyo oluphambili ithande ukugxila kubuchule botyalo-mali bexesha elide. Nangona oku kunokuba luncedo kwabo bajonge ukwakha ipotifoliyo ezinzileyo, isenokungabi luncedo kangako traders abanomdla ngakumbi kwiinzuzo zexesha elifutshane.
4. Uhlalutyo olusisiseko kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeMarike
Ukuqonda uhlalutyo olusisiseko ibalulekile kuyo nayiphi na trader, nokuba yeyiphi imarike abasebenza kuyo. Ibandakanya ukuvavanya ixabiso elingaphakathi le-asethi ngokuphonononga uqoqosho olunxulumeneyo, imali, kunye neminye imiba yomgangatho nobungakanani.
Forex traders badla ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko ukuvavanya amandla emali. Baphonononga izikhombisi ze-macroeconomic ezifana namazinga okukhula kwe-GDP, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, inzala, kunye nokuzinza kwezopolitiko. Ngokomzekelo, ilizwe elinoqoqosho olomeleleyo kunye nozinzo lwezopolitiko kusenokwenzeka ukuba libe nemali eyomeleleyo. Kwelinye icala, ukungazinzi kwezoqoqosho okanye isiphithiphithi sezobupolitika sinokuyenza buthathaka imali.
impahla traders, kwelinye icala, ingena nzulu kwiingxelo zemali zenkampani, iphonononga imiba efana nemivuzo, ingeniso, ukuhamba kwemali, kunye namatyala. Bakwaqwalasela iintsingiselo zeshishini kunye neemeko zemarike. Ngokomzekelo, inkampani enokukhula okunamandla kwemivuzo kunye nenani eliphantsi letyala-to-equity inokuba lutyalo-mali olulungileyo, ngakumbi ukuba lusebenza kwishishini elikhulayo.
yorhwebo traders kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo iseti eyahlukileyo yezinto. Oku kuquka amandla okubonelela kunye nemfuno, iipateni zemozulu, kunye neziganeko ze-geopolitical. Umzekelo, imbalela enkulu inokunciphisa izivuno zezityalo, nto leyo ekhokelela kumaxabiso aphezulu emveliso yezolimo. Ngokufanayo, izidubedube zezopolitiko kwilizwe elikhulu elivelisa ioli zinokuphazamisa unikezelo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amaxabiso e-oyile anyuke.
Cryptocurrency traders bakwasebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko, kodwa izinto abaziqwalaselayo zodwa kwindawo ye-asethi yedijithali. Oku kubandakanya itekhnoloji emva kwe-cryptocurrency, imeko yokusetyenziswa kwayo, iqela elisemva kwayo, kunye nophuhliso lolawulo. Ngokomzekelo, i-cryptocurrency enemeko yokusetyenziswa eqinile, iqela elinobuchule, kunye nophuhliso olufanelekileyo lolawulo lunokuba lutyalo-mali oluhle.
Khumbula, ngelixa uhlalutyo olusisiseko lunokubonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo, ayisosiqinisekiso sempumelelo. Sisixhobo nje esinye kwi trader izixhobo zebhokisi. Ukudibanisa nohlalutyo lobugcisa kunye nokulawulwa kwengozi evakalayo kunokunyusa amathuba akho okuphumelela kwimarike.
4.1. I-Stock Market
The Imakethi yesitokhwe yiwebhu entsonkothileyo yamathuba kunye nemiceli mngeni, uhambo oluchulumancisayo kwabo banobuganga bokuqonda amandla ayo. Liqonga apho iinkampani zithengisa izabelo zeshishini labo ukunyusa inkunzi, kwaye traders bathenge ezi zabelo ngethemba lokufumana ingeniso. I-stock market yinkampani eguquguqukayo, kunye namaxabiso aguqukayo ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi.
Uhlalutyo oluphambili yindlela esetyenziswa ngu traders ukumisela ixabiso langaphakathi lesitokhwe. Ibandakanya ukuvavanya iimali zenkampani, indawo yoshishino, kunye neemeko zentengiso ukuqikelela iintshukumo zamaxabiso kwixesha elizayo. Olu hlalutyo lunokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo traders ujonge ukuthenga izitokhwe ezingaxatyiswanga okanye ukuthengisa ezingaxatyiswanga.
Isiteyithimenti sezemali zisonka kunye nebhotolo yohlalutyo olusisiseko. Banikezela ngomfanekiso wempilo yemali yenkampani, kubandakanya iimpahla zayo, amatyala, ingeniso, kunye neendleko. Traders iphonononga la maxwebhu ukuvavanya ingeniso yenkampani, ukuhlawula amatyala, kunye nokuhlawula amatyala.
Indawo yoshishino ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuhlalutyo olusisiseko. Isikhundla senkampani kushishino lwayo sinokubonisa intengiso yokhuphiswanovantage kunye namandla okukhula. Traders ihlala ithelekisa ukusebenza kwenkampani kunye nabo bakhuphisana nayo ukulinganisa amandla ayo emarike.
Iimeko zentengiso ngomnye umba obalulekileyo kuhlalutyo olusisiseko. Ziquka imeko yoqoqosho ngokubanzi, kuquka iintsingiselo zengqesho, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, nezinga lenzala. Uqoqosho olomeleleyo luhlala luhleli kakuhle kwiinkampani ezininzi, ngelixa uqoqosho olubuthathaka lunokupela ingxaki.
Uhlalutyo olusisiseko asiyondlela yobudenge, kodwa inokubonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo traders. Yinkqubo enzima efuna ukuqonda okunzulu kwimarike yemasheya kunye nezinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo. Kodwa ngomonde kunye nenkuthalo, ingaba sisixhobo esinamandla kwi- trader's arsenal.
4.2. Forex imarike
The Forex imarike, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimarike yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle, yindawo yorhwebo yehlabathi jikelele apho iimali zithengwa kwaye zithengiswe. Yeyona marike inkulu kunye neyona inamanzi ehlabathini, kunye nomthamo worhwebo wemihla ngemihla odlula i-5 yetriliyoni zeedola. I Forex imakethi isebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki, iyenza ifikeleleke traders kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamaxesha kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ukuqonda indlela i Forex imisebenzi yemarike ibalulekile kwi traders abasebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko. Olu hlobo lohlalutyo lubandakanya ukuvavanya izalathi zezoqoqosho zelizwe, ezinje ngexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukukhula kweGDP, kunye neenkcukacha zengqesho, ukuqikelela ukuhamba kwemali. Xa uqoqosho lwelizwe lomelele, imali yalo iyomelela xa ithelekiswa nezinye iimali. Kwelinye icala, xa uqoqosho lubuthathaka, imali yalo idla ngokuba buthathaka.
Ukurhweba kwi Forex imarike ifuna ukuqonda okunzulu kwezalathi zoqoqosho kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo ixabiso lemali. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuka kwenzala yelizwe kunokutsala abatyali-zimali bamanye amazwe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwenyukeni kwexabiso lemali yelo lizwe. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuhla kwenzala kunokukhokelela ekwehleni kwexabiso lemali.
Iimeko zopolitiko inokuba nefuthe kwi Forex imarike. Utshintsho kurhulumente, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko, kunye neziganeko ze-geopolitical zingakhokelela kuguquko kumaxabiso emali. Tradeabasebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko kufuneka bahlale benolwazi malunga neziganeko zehlabathi kwaye baqonde ukuba ezi zinokuchaphazela njani Forex ntengiso.
Iindlela zokurhweba kwi Forex Imarike ihlala ibandakanya indibaniselwano yohlalutyo olusisiseko kunye nobugcisa. Ngelixa uhlalutyo olusisiseko lujolise kwizalathisi zezoqoqosho kunye neziganeko zehlabathi, uhlalutyo lobugcisa lubandakanya ukufunda iitshathi zexabiso kunye nokusebenzisa imilinganiselo yezibalo ukuqikelela ukunyakaza kwexabiso elizayo. Ngokusebenzisa zombini iindidi zokuhlalutya, traders banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi kwaye bandise amathuba abo okuphumelela kwi Forex ntengiso.
4.3. IMarike yeeMveliso
The imarike yorhwebo licandelo elibalulekileyo lohlalutyo olusisiseko, elibonelela ngobutyebi bamathuba okuba traders. Le marike iquka uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweemveliso, ukusuka kwisinyithi esixabisekileyo njenge igolide kwaye isilivere kwiimveliso zezolimo ezifana nombona kunye ngqolowa. Imveliso nganye ineseti yayo yezinto eziphembelela ixabiso layo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu traders ukuqonda ezi dynamics.
Ibango nonikezelo ngabaqhubi abaphambili kwimarike yempahla yorhwebo. Umzekelo, ukuba imbalela ichaphazela isivuno sombona, ukubonelelwa ngombona kuyehla ngelixa imfuno ihleli ingatshintshi. Le meko ikholisa ukukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso ombona. Ngokufanayo, ukuba iteknoloji entsha inyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide yemigodi, ukunikezelwa kwegolide kuyanda, okunokubangela ukuhla kwexabiso layo ukuba imfuno ihlala ingatshintshi.
Iipateni zonyaka zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimalike yorhwebo. Iimveliso ezininzi zezolimo, umzekelo, zinamaxesha okukhula anokuthi abe nefuthe elibonakalayo ekuboneleleni kwazo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, amaxabiso azo. TradeAbaziqondayo ezi patheni banokulindela utshintsho lwamaxabiso kwaye benze izigqibo zokurhweba ezinolwazi.
Iziganeko zobume bomhlaba inokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi amaxabiso ezinto. Iimfazwe, trade Iingxabano, kunye notshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente inokutshintsha unikezelo kunye nemfuno yokutshintsha kweemveliso. Umzekelo, a trade I-embargo kwilizwe elingumvelisi omkhulu we-oyile inokukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso eoli.
Iimpawu zoqoqosho olukhulu ezifana namazinga okukhula kwe-GDP, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, kunye nenzala inokuchaphazela amaxabiso eemveliso ngokunjalo. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu, abatyali-mali badla ngokubhenela kwiimveliso ezifana negolide njengendawo yokugcina ixabiso, beqhuba amaxabiso abo.
Kwimarike yorhwebo, traders unokusebenzisa iikontrakthi zekamva ukuthelekelela ngeentshukumo zamaxabiso okanye uthango ngokuchasene notshintsho lwamaxabiso olunokwenzeka. Ezi zivumelwano ziyakuvumela trader ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa isixa esithile sempahla yorhwebo ngexabiso elimisiweyo ngomhla ozayo. Ngokuqonda izinto ezisisiseko ezinefuthe kumaxabiso eemveliso, traders unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi xa kurhweba izivumelwano zexesha elizayo.
Imarike yempahla yorhwebo yibala elintsonkothileyo neliguqukayo. Ifuna ingqiqo enzulu yobuninzi bezinto, ukusuka kwiipateni zemozulu ukuya kwizehlo zezopolitiko. Kodwa kwabo bazimisele ukubeka ixesha kunye nomzamo wokuqonda ezi ntshukumo, imarike yorhwebo ibonelela ngobutyebi bamathuba okwenza inzuzo kunye nobutyebi. ulwahlulo.
