💡 Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezithathwayo
- Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa nikela isicwangciso-qhinga kubatyali-mali ukuba babenakho ukwenza inzuzo kwixabiso elihlayo le-asethi. Esi sicwangciso sibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphuma kwimali ezifana nokhetho kunye nexesha elizayo.
- Ukudala i Isikhundla esifutshane sokwenziwa kubandakanya ukuthenga inketho yokubeka kunye nokuthengisa ukhetho lokufowuna kwi-asethi efanayo esisiseko kunye nexabiso logwayimbo olufanayo kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa kwexesha. Esi sicwangciso senzelwe ukulinganisa imbuyekezo yokuthengisa okufutshane loo asethi ngokuthe ngqo.
- zimali kufuneka baqaphele imingcipheko enxulumene nezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Oku kuquka ukubakho kwelahleko engapheliyo ukuba ixabiso le-asethi liyanyuka, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhetho lunokuphelelwa lixabiso, kunye nesidingo senkunzi ebalulekileyo kunye neemfuno zomda.
Nangona kunjalo, umlingo ukwinkcukacha! Cazulula ama-nuances abalulekileyo kula macandelo alandelayo ... Okanye, gxuma ngqo kuthi Ii-FAQ ezipakishwe ngokuqonda!
1. Ukuqonda izikhundla ezimfutshane zeSynthetic
Kwindawo yorhwebo, Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa dlala indima ebalulekileyo. Licebo elizalwe ludityaniso lokurhweba lokukhetha kunye nokuthengisa okufutshane okubonisa imbuyekezo yokuthengisa okufutshane ukhuseleko. Ingaba isebenza kanjani? Kunokuba wenze intengiso emfutshane yesiko kwisitokhwe, traders iqalisa indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa ngokuthenga inketho yokubeka kunye nokuthengisa ukhetho lokufowuna kukhuseleko olusisiseko olufanayo ngexabiso elifanayo logwayimbo kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa.
Lo mbini we iinketho inikezela trader kunye bhetyebhetye kwinzuzo evela ehla kwi ixabiso lokhuseleko olusisiseko – ingqikelelo iyachulumancisa ngokulinganayo kwaye iyaphithizela. Kunyanzelekile ukuba ukuphunyezwa ngaxeshanye kwezi zimbini iinketho zisebenze njengelitye lembombo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa.
Ngokuchaseneyo nemeko emfutshane yemveli, apho umntu aboleka izabelo ukuze athengise kwaye enethemba lokuhla kwexabiso, indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa ayifuni ukubolekwa kwezabelo, ukunciphisa i ingozi yokucudisa okufutshane. Iyanika umdla akunjalo? Nangona kunjalo, ukuzulazula oku kufuna ulwazi olunzulu lokukhetha izicwangciso zorhwebo kunye nemingcipheko eyindalo, ingakumbi ukuba ixabiso lesitokhwe liyaxabisa kunokuba lihle.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuseka indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa sisicwangciso esiphuhlileyo esifuna ukunyamezela umngcipheko ophezulu. Njengomtyali-mali, soloko uqinisekisa ukuba kwenziwa uvavanyo olubanzi lomngcipheko. Kwimarike eguquguqukayo, amandla okunyuka okungalindelekanga kwixabiso lokhuseleko alinakungahoywa. Ukunciphisa iimeko ezinjalo, isicwangciso sokukhusela umnxeba, okanye ngokulula, ukuseta stop-ilahleko imiyalelo ingenza umahluko omkhulu.
Ukwamkela i-Synthetic Short Position ingaba yi isixhobo esisebenzayo kubaqikeleli, abaheji, kunye nabo bafuna amandla kodwa iza nezinto ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemingeni ekufuneka iqondwe ngobuchule kwaye ilawulwe. Kulapho kumiselwe khona traders babonisa amandla abo, kunye nokuqonda kwabo izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa kuba yindlela yabo eya kwimpumelelo yorhwebo.
| Umxholo |
Inkcazo |
| Ukuthengisa okufutshane kokwenziwa |
Isicwangciso sokurhweba esivumela abatyali-mali ukuba bazuze ngokuhla kwexabiso le-asethi ngaphandle kobunikazi okanye ukuyiboleka. |
| amacandelo |
Ukuthenga inketho yokubeka (ukubheja ngokuhla kwexabiso) kunye nokuthengisa ukhetho lokufowuna (olunokuthi lubophe ukuthengisa ngexabiso eliphezulu). |
| Advantages |
Akukho mboleko efunekayo, umngcipheko omncinci, kunye nokuguquguquka kumaxabiso oqhankqalazo kunye nemihla yokuphelelwa kwexesha. |
| iingozi |
Ingeniso enokukhawuleka, ukuphela kwexesha lokukhetha, kunye novakalelo lokuguquguquka kunye neemeko zentengiso. |
1.1. Inkcazo yezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa
Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa, ukusuka kwi trader imbono, zinika isicwangciso esisodwa sokuthatha inxaxheba kumacandelo emarike ngokuqhelekileyo ngenye indlela kunzima ukucofa. Ichazwa njengolawulo lotyalo-mali olubandakanya ukuthengiswa kwesixhobo semali umthengisi angenaso, i-Synthetic Short Positions zixhomekeke kumxube wezivumelwano zekhontrakthi ukulinganisa inzuzo efanayo kunye nobungozi bokubamba isikhundla esifutshane kwi-asethi esisiseko.
Ukungena nzulu kwiinkalo zobugcisa, ukusekwa kwe-Synthetic Short Position kufezekiswa ngokuthengisa umnxeba kunye nokuthenga inketho yokubeka. Zombini iinketho kufuneka zibe nexabiso elifanayo logwayimbo kunye nemihla yokuphelelwa kwexesha. Esi sikhundla sikhethekileyo sinika trader ukuthelekelela ukuhla kwexabiso lentshukumo, okanye ukuthintela ukuhla kwexabiso okunokwenzeka.
Ngokucacileyo, ukuba a trader ilindele ukwehla okukhulu kwixabiso lesitokhwe esithile kodwa ifumanisa ukuboleka isitokhwe sokuthengisa okufutshane kunzima okanye kuyabiza, iSynthetic Short Position inokuba sisisombululo esifanelekileyo. Oku kuvumela i trader ukufumana indawo yemarike efana nentengiso emfutshane, ngaphandle kokufuna eyona nto ibolekwayo ye-asethi.
Inqaku eliphambili omele uphawule ngalo Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa bubungozi obuthweleyo. Nangona ivula umnyango wenzuzo kwimarike eyanciphayo, ukunyuka kwexabiso lempahla ephantsi kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu. Ke ngoko, gcina esi sicwangciso kwiimeko apho ukuhla kwexabiso elisezantsi kubonakala ngathi kunokwenzeka.
Ukuqonda ububanzi kunye nemida ye-Synthetic Short Positions kubalulekile kurhwebo olunolwazi. Ukuqaphela iindleko ezingafunekiyo, ukuvezwa komngcipheko, kunye nobunzima bokulawula ezi zikhundla kubonelela tradengokubona kwangaphambili ukwenza izigqibo ezicacileyo, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amathuba okuba nembuyekezo efanelekileyo. Ukuqonda indlela i-Synthetic Short Positions esebenza ngayo yinxalenye ye-quintessential ye trader izixhobo zezixhobo.
1.2. Ukubaluleka kwe-Synthetic Short Popositions
Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zidlala i indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkalo yorhwebo. Ngezi, abatyali-mali bafumana isakhono soku ingeniso ekuthotyweni kwexabiso lesibambiso ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba nokhuseleko kwindawo yokuqala. Esi sisicwangciso-qhinga esisoloko sisetyenziswa xa ukubolekwa kokhuseleko kungqina ukuba kunzima okanye kuyabiza. Inika enye indlela yokushota okuqhelekileyo, ilinganisa ngokufanelekileyo ipatheni yentlawulo efanayo.
Ubunjineli bezemali obudala wenze izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zifikeleleke kuluhlu olubanzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike. Amaziko amakhulu emali ayingowodwa abaxhamli ngoku. Abatyali-zimali abathengisayo nabo, banokuthatha inxaxheba kwezi zicwangciso-qhinga zintsha, ukuba nje banokuqonda okunzulu kwiinketho zorhwebo.
Omnye umba obalulekileyo kukuguquguquka kwezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Bavumela abatyali-mali ukuba ukulawula umngcipheko ngobuchule ngokunqanda iipotfoliyo zabo ngokuchasene nokuhla okunokuthi kwenzeke kwimarike. Oku kwenziwa ngokudala 'indawo ekhuselayo', icandelo eliphambili lezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Luhlobo oluthile lokhuseleko, lugada ipotifoliyo kuyo nayiphi na ingxaki yezemali.
kwamatyala yenye intengiso enkuluvantage leyo iza nezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Ukurhweba ngeebhulukhwe ezimfutshane ezenziweyo kwazisa ubumanzi obuthe kratya kwimarike. Ngokuchasene nokuthengisa okufutshane ngokuthe ngqo apho umntu anokungena kwizabelo ekunzima ukuboleka, izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa ziyayidlula imiba enjalo. Oku, kwakhona, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweemarike ngelixa ubonelela ngamathuba abanzi okufumana inzuzo.
Lilonke, ubume bezinto ezintsha, ukuguquguquka, ukufikeleleka okwandileyo, kunye nokuphuculwa kwamandla okuhlawula amatyala zezinye zezizathu zokuba kutheni ukubaluleka kwezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa kungenakubaxwa. Baye baba ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo kwisixhobo sotyalo-mali esiphucukileyo, ukubumba izicwangciso zokurhweba kunye nokomeleza iiphothifoliyo.
2. Indlela izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zisebenza
Synthetic izithuba ezimfutshane juxtapose izixhobo ezimbini zemali, iinketho kunye esitokisini, ukulinganisa indawo emfutshane. Le ndlela yobugcisa isetyenziswa rhoqo ngu traders ukubheja ngokuchasene nokunyuka okunokwenzeka kwexabiso le-asethi ngaphandle kokuba ngumnini we-asethi. Ngokweenkcukacha, a trader yakha indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa ngokuthenga inketho yokubeka ngelixa ngaxeshanye uthengisa umnxeba olinganayo wokhetho kwi-asethi efanayo.
Isondlo sesithuba esifutshane sokwenziwa siza kunye nomhla othile wokuphelelwa njengoko kuxhomekeke kwiinketho. Iprofayili yenzuzo kunye nelahleko yesimo esifutshane sokwenziwa iyafana nentengiso emfutshane eqhelekileyo. Nakuphi na ukuhla kwexabiso le-asethi esisiseko kuvelisa inzuzo, ngelixa ukonyuka kukhokelela kwilahleko.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kumiselwa indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa lixabiso logwayimbo. Umtyali-mali kufuneka akhethe i ixabiso logwayimbo olufanayo ukuze ubeke kunye neenketho zokufowuna ukulinganisa intengiso emfutshane egqibeleleyo. Ukuchaphazeleka oku kwisiphumo sentengiselwano akunakubaxwa.
Ngaphandle koko, ukuguquguquka okuxeliweyo kumi njengento ebalulekileyo echaphazela izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Ukunyuka okuguquguqukayo kuhambelana neentlawulo eziphezulu kwiinketho, ngoko ke, iindleko zokudala isikhundla ziyenyuka. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuhla kokuguquguquka kukhokelela kwiintlawulo eziphantsi, ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa iindleko.
Kwiimarike zemali, ukuphumeza izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa yindlela enobuchule obuphezulu traders ukuvakalisa iimbono zabo zemarike. Inika umxube oyingqayizivele wokuguquguquka kunye nokuvezwa, ukuvumela traders ukwenza izikhundla ezintsonkothileyo ezinezitokhwe ezisezantsi. Isenokubonakala intsonkothile ukuya kwentsha traders, kodwa ngendlela echanekileyo, izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zinokuba sisixhobo esinamandla kwi trader's arsenal. Ukanti, njengakuso nasiphi na isicwangciso-qhinga sezemali, asinakho imigibe enokubakho kwaye kufuneka kungenwe ngesicwangciso esicingisiswe kakuhle nokuqonda kakuhle.
2.1. Inkqubo yokumisela izikhundla ezimfutshane ze-Synthetic
Synthetic izithuba ezimfutshane zimele isicwangciso sorhwebo oluphambili apho traders iphinda imbuyekezo enokwenzeka yentengiso emfutshane kusetyenziswa izinto eziphuma kwimali. Esi sicwangciso, esisoloko sisetyenziswa ngu forex, ukhetho, kunye nexesha elizayo traders, ifuna ubuchule bokuqonda izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphuma ezifana nokhetho, utshintsho, ikamva, kunye nokuya phambili.
I-kernel yezikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zilele ekudalweni kwamacandelo amabini abalulekileyo: ukhetho olufutshane lwefowuni kunye nenketho yokubeka ixesha elide, zombini ngexabiso elifanayo lokubetha kunye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Indibaniselwano yezi zikhundla zimbini ilinganisa ingeniso enokubakho kunye nelahleko yemeko yentengiso emfutshane yokhuseleko olusisiseko.
Ukumisela i-Synthetic Short Position yinkqubo ecokisekileyo. I trader iqala ngokuthengisa inketho yokufowuna kukhuseleko oluthile abalindele ukuba lihle ngexabiso. Ngelixa ukhetho lokufowuna lunika umnini ilungelo lokuthenga ukhuseleko olusisiseko ngexabiso elichaziweyo phambi kokuba ukhetho luphelelwe, ngokuthengisa ukhetho lokufowuna, trader ibhanki kwixabiso yokhuseleko ukuhla.
Inxalenye yesibini yokuseta ibandakanya ukuthenga inketho yokubeka kukhuseleko olufanayo ngexabiso logwayimbo olufanayo kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa. Oku kuvumela i trader ilungelo lokuthengisa ukhuseleko ngexabiso logwayimbo, ukubakhusela ukuba ixabiso lokhuseleko liphezulu endaweni yokwehla njengoko bekulindelwe.
Ukulinganisa ezi zikhundla ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa imingcipheko edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokuthengisa okufutshane. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa ingeniso yengeniso ingenamda ngokwethiyori, esi sicwangciso sotyalo-mali asinabungozi, njengoko ukonyuka okukhulu kwixabiso le-asethi esisiseko kunokukhokelela kwilahleko.
Ngokukodwa, isihlokwana esithile amasuntswana ekusekweni izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zingabandakanya ukukhethwa kwexabiso logwayimbo, elifanele ngokufanelekileyo libonise ixabiso langoku lemarike yokhuseleko. Ukuphelelwa kwexesha okwabiweyo kufuneka kuvumele ixesha elaneleyo lokuhla kwexabiso elilindelekileyo ukuba kwenzeke.
The imajini iimfuno zolu hlobo lokucwangcisa kwakhona zinokwahluka phakathi brokers, iyenza ibaluleke kakhulu traders ukuqonda kwabo brokerIimfuno ezithile. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqhuba esi sicwangciso kufuna ulwazi olwaneleyo lwemarike, umngcipheko kunye nezakhono zokulawula imali, kunye nokuqonda ngokucokisekileyo izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
2.2. Uhlalutyo lwengozi kunye noLawulo kwi-Synthetic Short Positions
Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa inokuba sisixhobo esoyikekayo kwi trader's arsenal, ukubonelela ngothango kwiimarike eziwayo, kunye namathuba okufumana inzuzo. Ecaleni kwezi nzuzo zinokwenzeka, nangona kunjalo, kukho imingcipheko ebalulekileyo efuna uhlalutyo olubanzi lolawulo ukuze uhambe ngokufanelekileyo.
Umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa ne-Synthetic Short Positions ibandakanya ukuvezwa kweentshukumo zemarike ezinyukayo kunye nobungozi bokungabikho kwemali. Umngcipheko ophezulu uvela ekunyukeni kwexabiso le-asethi engaphantsi, ukunyusa iindleko zokuthenga kwakhona i-asethi yokuvala isikhundla. Umngcipheko wotywala, omnye umgibe oqhelekileyo, ubonakala xa imarike ingenabathengi okanye abathengisi abaneleyo kwinqanaba elithile lexabiso, ngaloo ndlela yenze kube nzima traders ukwenza zabo trades ngokufanelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha okukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu.
Le mingcipheko ikhoyo ifuna indlela yobuchule yokulawula umngcipheko equka ukusebenzisa imiyalelo yokuyeka ilahleko nokubeka esweni okungazinzi kweemalike. Ukuqesha a ukuyeka ukulahleka ibandakanya ukuseta inqanaba lemakethi elimiselwe kwangaphambili elithi, xa lifikelelwe, libangele ukuthengiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kokhuseleko. Eli qhinga liqinisekisa ukunciphisa ilahleko kwimeko apho i-asethi ihamba ngendlela engafanelekanga.
Ukubeka esweni ukuguquguquka kwemarike – elinye icandelo elibalulekileyo elichaphazela iPositions ezifutshane zeSynthetic. Ukuguquguquka kweemarike kubonisa isantya apho ixabiso le-asethi linyuka okanye lehla kwiseti yeembuyekezo. Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kuthetha ukuba i-asethi inokuthi isasazwe kuluhlu olukhulu lwamaxabiso, kungoko, ixabiso le-asethi linokutshintsha kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane kulo naliphi na icala. Iimpawu ezifana ne I-Volatility Index (VIX) ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isimo sengqondo semarike kunye nokwenza ulwazi trades.
Izixhobo zolawulo lomngcipheko njengezixhobo eziphuma kwezinye zidlala indima ephambili ekukhuseleni ngokuchasene nelahleko enokwenzeka. Izinto eziphuma kwezinye ezifana nekamva, ukhetho kunye nokutshintshatshintsha kunokuphelisa ilahleko kwii-asethi ezisisiseko, ngaloo ndlela zibonelela ngolunye uhlobo lwe-inshurensi kwiimeko zemarike ezimandundu.
Ngokudityaniswa kovavanyo olucokisekileyo lomngcipheko onokuthi ubekho, ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwee-odolo zelahleko yokuyeka, ukujonga ngononophelo ukuguquguquka kweemarike, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchule kwezinto eziphuma kuzo, traders inokunqumla ngokufanelekileyo ukungaqiniseki okuza ne-Synthetic Short Positions. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhubekayo imfundo kunye nokuhlala uhlaziywa malunga nokutshintsha iindlela kunye nobuchule buhlala busisiseko solawulo olusebenzayo lomngcipheko.
3. Ukusebenzisa i-Synthetic Short Positions kwiiMeko zeMarike ezahlukeneyo
Zombini ukuguquguquka kweemarike kunye neenkolelo zabatyali-zimali zinefuthe ekusetyenzisweni kwezikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa, isicwangciso esiphambili sokhetho. Kwimeko yemarike ye-bullish, izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zinokubonakala zingenakuqondakala. Nangona kunjalo, ibonelela ngobuchule obusebenzayo bokubiyela ngokuchasene nokwehla okunokwenzeka. Ngokubamba ixesha elide kunye nomnxeba omfutshane ngexabiso elifanayo loqhankqalazo kunye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi, izikhundla zinokuthi zikhuseleke ngokuchasene nokuguqulwa kweemarike ngokukhawuleza. Le “inshorensi” iza ngexabiso lokuncama ingeniso enokubakho, kodwa inokungqineka ixabiseke kakhulu ukuba imakethi ithe ngequbuliso yawela phantsi.
Iimeko zeemarike zeBearish yenza ulungelelwano olucacileyo lwezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Apha, umtyali-mali olindele ukuhla okungaphezulu angenza inzuzo ngokuhla kwamaxabiso ngaphandle kokufuna inkunzi yokuqala. Ngokusebenzisa isikhundla esifutshane sokwenziwa, inzuzo iyanda njengoko ukhuseleko olusisiseko luncipha.
Xa ujongene ne imarike eguquguqukayo, ukubandakanya indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa kungathambisa imivumbo enokubakho kwipotfoliyo. Abatyali-zimali besikhundla banokwenza indawo emfutshane eyenziweyo ngokuchasene nezikhundla zabo ezinde ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Nangona oku kusenokuthetha ukunciphisa amandla engeniso, yindlela esebenzayo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ipotfoliyo iyasinda kwiinguqu ezigqithisileyo zemarike.
Ekugqibeleni, kwisitali okanye iimeko zemarike ezingathathi hlangothi, iindawo ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zisabambe indawo yazo. Abatyali-mali abakrokrela ukhuseleko oluxatyiswe kakhulu banokusebenzisa izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa ukwenza inzuzo kulungiso olunokubakho lwexabiso ngaphandle kokunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo isitokhwe, bebasindisa kwilahleko enokubakho engapheliyo xa ixabiso lesitokhwe linyuka.
Izikhundla ezimfutshane ze-Synthetic ziboleka ekubeni zizixhobo eziguquguqukayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentengiso. Ngesicwangciso-qhinga esivakalayo kunye nokuthanda ukuthengisa, baba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezixhobo zokusebenza zabatyali-zimali abanobuchule, belungele ukomeleza uzinzo lwepotfoliyo kunye nenzuzo nokuba ithini na imo yemarike.
3.1. Indima ye-Synthetic Short Positions kwii-Bull Markets
Izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zisebenza rhoqo njengamaqhinga endalo kwilizwe elinesiphithiphithi sorhwebo, ingakumbi kummandla weemarike zenkunzi. Imarike yenkomo, ephawulwa ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nethemba lomtyali-mali, inokubonakala ngathi iyayichitha imbono yokuqalisa izikhundla ezimfutshane. Nangona kunjalo, kulapho umtsalane wokwenene wezikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zikhanya. Ukuthatha indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa kwimakethi yenkunzi kubandakanya ukudala indawo elinganisa ukushokoxeka kwesitokhwe ngaphandle kwesicwangciso semveli sokuthengisa kunye nokuthenga-umva.
Ngokomzekelo, umtyali-mali unokudala indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa ngokufumana inketho yokubeka ixesha elide kunye nokuthengisa ukhetho lwefowuni kwi-asethi efanayo kunye nokuphelelwa kwexesha elifanayo. Ezi zimbini iinketho zidibanisa ukulinganisa iinzuzo ezinokubakho ekuthengiseni okufutshane esona sitokhwe. Ngokucacileyo, ngelixa ukuthengiswa okufutshane kwendabuko kunomda wenzuzo enokwenzeka kunye nokulahleka okungenamkhawulo, indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa, nangona kunjalo, ibonelela ngenzuzo engenamkhawulo enomngcipheko ochaziweyo.
Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zisebenzisa amandla azo okwenene ebusweni bamaqamza aqikelelwayo. Kwimarike ye-bullish, amaxabiso ahlala emke kumaxabiso angaphakathi, edala amaqamza otyalo-mali. Ngokuqalisa izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa, traders ukunciphisa imingcipheko ngelixa ugcina amandla embuyekezo ephezulu. Nangona imarike yenkomo ekuqaleni isenokubonakala ichasene nezicwangciso ezimfutshane, indima entsonkothileyo yezikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zicacisa ixabiso layo naxa kukho amaxabiso anyukayo.
3.2. Indima ye-Synthetic Short Positions kwiiMarike zeBhere
Kwimeko yorhwebo, Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa kuvela njengesixhobo sobuchule ngexesha lokuthengisa iibhere. Ukwakhiwa kusetyenziswa ixesha elide kunye nomnxeba omfutshane kwixabiso elifanayo logwayimbo, balingisa indawo emfutshane ethe ngqo kwisitokhwe. Eyona njongo iphambili kukunyusa amaxabiso esitokhwe esihlayo ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo.
Kwiimarike zebhere, eziphawulwa sisigaba eside sokuhla kwamaxabiso esitokhwe, traders ukuthontelana ukuya kwizixhobo ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ngothango okanye ukunika ingeniso enokubakho. Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zingena ngokuchanekileyo apha, zivumela traders ukwenza inkunzi kwiimvakalelo ze-bearish. Banikezela ngenzuzo enokubakho yokufumana inzuzo ngokuwa kwamaxabiso esitokhwe, bebonisa ipateni yenzuzo yokuthengisa okufutshane kwendabuko.
Izikhundla ezinjalo zisisixhobo esisebenzayo sothango ngexesha leentengiso ze-bearish. A trader, ukulindela ukuhla kwexabiso lempahla ebanjwe, kunokudala indawo emfutshane yokwenziwa. Ngokwenza njalo, uvala ixabiso lemarike yangoku yempahla yokuthengisa kwixesha elizayo, ngaloo ndlela ekhusela ukuhla okunokuthi kwenzeke kwixabiso lesitokhwe. Yinto elingana nedijithali yepolisi ye-inshurensi yotyalo-mali lwakho lwesitokhwe.
Nangona kunjalo, izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa azikho ngaphandle komngcipheko. Ukusetyenziswa kweenketho kuthetha ukuba ukubola kwexesha kunye notshintsho kwi-volatility echaziweyo inokuchaphazela isikhundla. Oku, kudityaniswe nemfuno yokuba nemali eyaneleyo okanye i-margin yokuthenga izitokhwe ezihambelanayo ukuba zabelwe, zongeza ubunzima bayo.
Ngaphandle kwale mingeni, ukufaneleka kwezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa kwiimarike zeebhere kusahleli tradeukukwazi r ukwenza inzuzo ukusuka amaxabiso ukuwa. Ngelixa uqinisekisa isixhobo sokukhusela, ezi zikhundla zibonelela ngentengisovantage yembuyekezo enokuba namandla, ixhomekeke kwixesha elifanelekileyo trades kunye nokuphunyezwa kweqhinga le-canny.
4. Impembelelo yeMimiselo kwi-Synthetic Short Positions
Izikhokelo zolawulo inokuba neziphumo ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kunye nenzuzo yezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Izigqeba ezilawulayo, ezifana ne IiNkonzo zeMali ziPhatha iGunya eMzantsi Afrika, ziphonononga zonke iintengiselwano zemali ukukhusela umdla wabatyali-zimali nokuqinisekisa imfezeko yemarike.
Impembelelo yale mimiselo kwizikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zingaba zihle kwaye zibi. Ngokweziphumo ezilungileyo, imimiselo inokubonelela ngebala lokudlala ngokunciphisa ithuba lokuguqulwa kweemarike kunye nokukhuthaza ukungafihli. Banokuphucula ukhuseleko lomtyali-mali ngokufuna ukutyhilwa okupheleleyo kweengozi ezibandakanyekayo kunye nemivuzo enokubakho.
Nangona kunjalo, imimiselo inokuzisa izithintelo ezinkulu kunye nomthwalo. Umzekelo, iimfuno ezingqongqo zokubhengeza zinokuthintela ukuphunyezwa kwangethuba kwezicwangciso ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Imimiselo isenokunciphisa ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zemali ezifunekayo (Umzekelo ETFs), ngaloo ndlela inciphisa isakhono se traders ukuseka izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa.
Ukunyuka kweemfuno zenkunzi ebekwe ngamagunya alawulayo yenye inkalo enokuba nefuthe kwizithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Oku kunokwenza ukungena kwizithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa kubize kakhulu, okunokuthi kuthintele abatyali-mali abancinci okanye tradekunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olunemiqathango.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, impembelelo yemimiselo inokwahluka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu trader ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo ubume bolawulo obukhoyo apho basebenza khona phambi kokuthatha naziphi na izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo, elinomngcipheko ophezulu wokurhweba ngemali, ukungalungiswa okanye ukungazi kakuhle kunokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu.
ukuthobela ihlala ingumba obalulekileyo ekurhwebeni izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Ibalulekile kwi traders ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwiinguqu zolawulo kunye nokulungelelanisa izicwangciso zabo ngokufanelekileyo ukugcina inzuzo ngelixa behleli ngaphakathi kwemida yomthetho. Ukungahoyi okanye ukungaziqondi iimfuno zolawulo kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo ezinkulu okanye ukuvalwa kokurhweba.
Ukuhamba ngenkangeleko yolawulo kunokuba nzima, kodwa yinxalenye eyimfuneko yorhwebo oluyimpumelelo. Ukusebenza nabacebisi abanolwazi, ukuhlala uhlaziywa kwiinguqu kwi-landscape yokulawula, kunye nokubandakanya iingqwalasela zolawulo ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso zokurhweba kunokuhamba ixesha elide ekuncedeni. trader ilawula impembelelo yemigaqo kwizikhundla zabo ezimfutshane zokwenziwa ngempumelelo.
4.1. Iimbono zoLawulo kwi-Synthetic Short Positions
Iimbono zolawulo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqonda ubume bezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Abalawuli, abafana noGunyaziwe wokuZiphatha kwiCandelo lezeMali (FSCA) eMzantsi Afrika, banika imbono eyodwa kwezi ndlela zinzima zezimali.
Imimiselo kunye nezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa: Ngelixa ingalawulwa ngokubanzi njengentengiso emfutshane yemveli, izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa ziphantsi kwemimiselo yezemali. Imimiselo yeSecurities lending and kuboleka (SLB) ilawula le misebenzi apho traders ijolise ekufumaneni inzuzo ngokuhla kwexabiso elilindelekileyo.
Abalawuli bajonge ukukhusela ubulungisa kunye nokungafihlisi kwemarike, ukunciphisa imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa norhwebo olukhohlisayo. Enye indlela abakwenza ngayo oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abathengisi ababandakanyekayo kwintengiso emfutshane yokwenziwa bathobela izikhokelo zokunika ingxelo ezingqongqo, ezikhuthaza ukungafihli kwemarike.
Ukufikelela kulwazi: Ukufikelela koluntu kulwazi olunjalo kuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu tradeuyakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo. Injongo kukukhuthaza ubulungisa kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhwabanisa kwiimarike zemali. Umntu kufuneka aqonde ezi mbono zolawulo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotyelwa xa kusenziwa ushokoxeko wokwenziwa.
Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo: Tradeabangayithobeliyo imigaqo ebekiweyo banokujongana nezohlwayo eziqatha. Ngoko ke, wonke trader kufuneka aqonde ngokupheleleyo isimo solawulo kunye nemithetho ejikeleze izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa.
Iingcamango zokugqibela: Ekugqibeleni, iimbono ezilawulayo kwizithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zigxininisa isimo sokuba nangona ezi zinokuba zizixhobo eziluncedo kubatyali-mali abanamava, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokuthembekileyo nangokucacileyo, ngokuqondwa ngokupheleleyo kweengozi ezinokubakhona ezibandakanyekayo.
4.2. Imigaqo yokuThobela ye Traders
Imigaqo yokuThobela ye Traders Ihlala ingumba obalulekileyo welizwe lorhwebo, ngakumbi kwabo bangena kubuchule obuntsonkothileyo, njengezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Ukubonakala kunye nokubambelela kwimithetho-siseko yokuthobela ibeka inqanaba lemfezeko elinceda ukwakha ukuthembana nabalawuli, abathengi, kunye noontanga bemarike.
Ukubamba ama-nuances emigaqo yokuthengisa emfutshane, umzekelo, kubalulekile. Ngelixa izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zinokubonakala zifana nezibambiso ezimfutshane ezithengiswayo, kukho ngokwenene iyantlukwano eyahlukileyo efuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Akuqhelekanga ukuba traders ukungaphumeleli kwimimiselo yolawulo ngenxa yokungaqondi kakuhle lo mahluko ufihlakeleyo.
Ukuthengisa Okufutshane Ngeze Ukuqobisana Ukuthengisa okufutshane ngokufuthi kunokukhokelela ekubhidekeni. Traders kufuneka baqonde ukuba ngelixa ukuthengisa okufutshane kubandakanya ukuboleka izibambiso ukuthengisa, ngethemba lokuzithenga kwakhona ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukuthengisa okufutshane ze kwenzeka xa trader uthengisa izibambiso ngaphandle kokuboleka kubo. Le yokugqibela ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengesicwangciso esinobungozi kwaye kaninzi esingahambelaniyo phantsi kweendlela ezininzi zokulawula.
Traders kunye nendima ye Broker-Abathengisi zibalulekile xa kufikwa ekuthotyelweni kwemigaqo yorhwebo. Brokers isebenze njengabalamli phakathi traders kunye nemarike yokhuseleko. Ukujongana nomntu ohloniphekileyo nolawulwa kakuhle broker kubalulekile ukuphepha ulwaphulo-mthetho olunokwenzeka. Banokubonelela ngeengcaciso kwiimfuno zolawulo zokwenziwa kwezikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa kunye nokunceda ukucacisa imigca ukuba ingaweli.
Amaxwebhu kunye nokugcinwa kweeRekhodi
isebenza njengomqolo wokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Amaqumrhu alawulayo afuna brokerUkugcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zazo zonke iitransekshini, umthetho obaluleke ngokulinganayo traders. Ngexesha leengxabano okanye uphicotho-zincwadi, amaxwebhu achanekileyo angabonakalisa isixhobo ekuboniseni inkuthalo efanelekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo.
Ukuqonda ezi ziseko zokuthotyelwa kunokubonelela ngamava angaphantsi koxinzelelo kunye nokukhusela a trader's umdla kwihlabathi elintsonkothileyo lwezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Ukuzifaka kwiindlela zokurhweba kuqinisekisa traders ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwemizila yezomthetho kwaye ulandele izenzo ezisesikweni. Ukusebenza ngezi zikhokelo kukhuthaza imfezeko yentengiso, kugcina abasemagunyeni banelisekile, kwaye kukhuthaza uvakalelo lwabathengi.
5. Intengisovantages kunye ne-Disadvantages of Synthetic Izikhundla ezimfutshane
Ukungena kwindawo yezikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa, umntu akanakukwazi ukuphosa iliso kwimiriyadi yeenzuzo kunye neengxaki ezidityaniswe nendalo yazo. Ukuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo izicwangciso ezinjalo zemali, inkcazo yazo zombini advantages kwaye disadvantages iziqinisekiso zifanele ukuhoywa ngesakhono traders.
Advantages of Synthetic Izikhundla ezimfutshane
voco ikhanya njengeyona ntengiso iphambilivantage yezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Ivumela a trader ukutshintsha izicwangciso zotyalo-mali ngaphandle kokutshintsha isitokhwe esisisiseko. Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zikwabonelela
Inzuzo kwiXabiso loKuhla. Ngokungafaniyo nobunini bempahla eqhelekileyo apho uxabiso lwenkunzi lulandelwa, inzuzo ifunyanwa ngokuhla kwexabiso lesitokhwe. Yongeza 'i-Leveraging' kuluhlu lwayo lwezibonelelo - iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zinokuvulwa ngexabiso elincinci lemali xa kuthelekiswa nentengiso emfutshane yesiqhelo.
Yazisavantages of Synthetic Izikhundla ezimfutshane
Nangona kunjalo, ivili elijikelezayo lezicwangciso zentengiso azipakishwanga kuphela ngentengisovantages. Ilahleko enokubakho ngenxa ye USpike ongalindelekanga kwixabiso lempahla ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu traders. Oku kunyuswa kwexabiso ngesiquphe kunokunyusa ngokungathandekiyo iindleko zokuthenga kwakhona izabelo. Ngaphezu koko, Cudisa okufutshane iimeko ezinokuthi zibe nempembelelo enkulu xa amaxabiso ezabelo enyuka ngesiquphe, kunyanzelwa abathengisi abamfutshane ukuba bahlawule izikhundla zabo ngamaxabiso aphezulu. A Ikholi yoLwandle sesinye isoyikiso esinokwenzeka - imfuno eyenziwe ngu-a brokeriminyaka for a trader ukufaka enye imali okanye izibambiso ukuhlawula ilahleko enokwenzeka.
Ngokwenyani, ngelixa izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zibonelela ngenye indlela eya kwingeniso kwiimarike ezihlayo ezinesakhono esixhaphakileyo kunye nokuguquguquka okucwangcisiweyo, ziza zithwele imingcipheko yokunyuka kwamaxabiso okungalindelekanga, iminxeba yemida kunye nokucudisa okufutshane. Olu lungelelwaniso lobuchule luyacela traders ukuhlalutya imeko kunye nesixhobo kungekuphela nje izicwangciso zengozi kodwa amaqhinga okuzikhusela ngokunjalo.
5.1. Izibonelelo ze-Synthetic Short Popositions
Izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa sisixhobo esiguquguqukayo sento nganye trader's ipotfoliyo. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zezi zikhundla kukukwazi kwabo umngcipheko wehedge kwiimarike eziguquguqukayo. Ngokucwangcisa kunye nokusebenzisa izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa, traders inokukhusela izikhundla zabo ezinde ekuthotyweni okunokwenzeka kweemarike.
Enye intengiso ebalulekileyovantage ehambelana nezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa yi imbuyekezo ephezulu enokubakho. Ukuba kuchazwe ngokuchanekileyo, ukuhla kwexabiso lesitokhwe kunokukhokelela kwinzuzo enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imivuzo enokwenzeka ihlala iza nomngcipheko owongeziweyo, kunye nokulahleka trades kunokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu.
Iimfuno zenkunzi ephantsi yenza izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kumabhongo traders. Ngokungafaniyo nentengiso emfutshane ethe ngqo, efuna isixa esikhulu semali ngaphambili, izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zinemiqobo ephantsi yokungena.
Ukongeza, izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zibonelela ukuguquguquka kwexesha. Izikhundla ezimfutshane zihlala zibotshelelwe ixesha, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unokumisela iinketho kwikhontrakthi ukuba iphelelwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Oku kunika traders ukuba nokwenzeka kokulinda ixesha elide ulindele ukuhla kwexabiso.
Ekugqibeleni, izikhundla ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zivumela traders ukufumana inzuzo kuyo izitokhwe ekunzima ukuziboleka. Ukuthengisa okufutshane ngokomzimba kufuna trader ukuboleka izitokhwe, ezinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha zibe ngumngeni. Ngeendawo ezimfutshane zokwenziwa, tradeI-rs inokudala isiphumo esifanayo ngaphandle kokuba nesitokhwe. Oku kuvula iinkalo ezintsha zamathuba okurhweba ebenokungafikeleleki ngenye indlela. Yiyo loo nto izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa zithandwa ngabaninzi abanamava traders.
5.2. Imingeni yezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa
Izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa bonelela abatyali-zimali ngesakhono esinokubakho sokwenza ingeniso ngokuhla kwexabiso le-asethi ngaphandle kokuthengisa i-asethi emfutshane. Esi sicwangciso, nangona kunjalo, asinayo imingeni. Enye inkxalabo ephambili linqanaba lendalo le ingozi ukubandakanyeka ekubambeni isikhundla esinjalo. Iimeko zemarike zinokuguquguquka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukushukuma kwamaxabiso okungalunganga kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu.
The iindleko zokuseka Isikhundla esifutshane sokwenziwa ngomnye umngeni ojongene nawo traders. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ibandakanya inkqubo ebiza kakhulu yokuthenga iinketho zokubeka kunye nokuthengisa iinketho zokufowuna. Traders ngaphandle kwenkunzi yorhwebo ebalulekileyo inokufumana ezi ndleko zingavumelekanga, zihlala zithintela esi sicwangciso kubatyali-mali abanamava.
Ukuntsonkotha kwe ukuqonda nokulawula izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa kunokubangela umngeni omkhulu. Esi sicwangciso sidinga ukuqonda okubanzi kweenketho zokurhweba kunye neliso elibukhali lokulandelela uphuhliso lwemarike - iimpawu ezinokuthi zithintele ngakumbi abaqalayo. traders.
Umceli mngeni osoloko ungahoywa ngulo umngcipheko wolawulo ababandakanyekayo kwezi ntengiselwano. Amaqumrhu alawulayo anokuhlaziya izikhokelo okanye imithetho yerhafu echaphazela izithuba ezimfutshane ezenziweyo, ezikhokelela kwiindleko ezingalindelekanga okanye ubunzima bomthetho traders.
Umngcipheko wotywala ngomnye umngeni obalulekileyo emawuqwalaselwe. Traders kufuneka bahlale besazi ukuba, ngelixa banokufuna ukuphuma kwisikhundla, akunakuhlala kusenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kwabathathi-nxaxheba bemarike abazimisele ukuthatha elinye icala trade.
Gqi beleni, traders kufuneka uyazi umngcipheko weqela xa usebenzisa izithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa. Lo mngcipheko ubhekiselele kwinto enokwenzeka ukuba iqela kwelinye icala lekhontrakthi lingaphumeleli, mhlawumbi libangele utyalo-mali olulahlekileyo.
Le mingeni igxininisa imfuneko traders ukwenza uphando olubanzi lwemarike, bamkele izicwangciso-qhinga ezomeleleyo zolawulo lomngcipheko, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba bayabuqonda ngokupheleleyo ubunzima bezithuba ezimfutshane zokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwiinzame ezinjalo.
