1. Isishwankathelo seZalathi eziKhokelayo
Izikhokelo ezikhokelayo ngamanyathelo eenkcukacha-manani asetyenziswayo ukuqikelela umkhombandlela wekamva lomsebenzi wezoqoqosho, imijikelo yeshishini, okanye urhwebo lwezemali phambi kokuba utshintsho lubonakale kwiintsingiselo. Ezi zalathi zibonelela ngemibono esebenzayo, evumela amashishini, abatyali-mali, kunye nabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo ukuba benze izigqibo ezizizo kwangaphambili. Ngokungafaniyo izalathi ezishiyekileyo, eziqinisekisa iintsingiselo emva kokuba zenzeke, izikhombisi ezihamba phambili zijolise ukuqikelela ukunyakaza kwexesha elizayo, ukubonelela ngentengisovantage kucwangciso nophuhliso lweqhinga.
Ukukwazi ukulindela utshintsho lwezoqoqosho kunye neemarike kwixesha elizayo lixabiseke kakhulu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje elihamba ngokukhawuleza. Izalathi ezikhokelayo zisebenza njengesixhobo sokuqonda kwangaphambili, okwenza abachaphazelekayo balungiselele ukuhla okunokubakho okanye ukusebenzisa amathuba okukhula azayo. Oku kubonwa kwangaphambili kunokubaluleka ekulawuleni umngcipheko, ekwandiseni intsebenzo, nasekuphumezeni ukhuphiswano kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.
1.2 Umahluko kwiiZalathi zokuLagging
Izalathisi eziLagging ziyizibalo eziguqukayo emva kokuba uqoqosho okanye imarike iqalise ukulandela umkhwa othile. Zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa iipateni kunye nemiqondiso emva kokuba zenzekile. Imizekelo ibandakanya izinga lokungaphangeli, imivuzo yamashishini, kunye nenzala. Ezi zalathi ziluncedo ekuqinisekiseni iintsingiselo zexesha elide kodwa aziboneleli ngexabiso eliqikelelwayo elenziwa zizalathisi ezihamba phambili.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezalathi ezikhokelayo kunye nezokushiyeka lixesha lazo kumjikelo wezoqoqosho. Izalathisi ezihamba phambili zinika izilumkiso kwangethuba malunga nesalathiso apho imakethi okanye uqoqosho lusingise khona, ngelixa izikhombisi ezibambekayo zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokuba umkhwa uqalile okanye uphelile. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile kwisicwangciso sobuchule kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo, njengoko kuchaphazela indlela amashishini kunye nabatyali-mali abasabela ngayo kumathuba kunye nemingeni yexesha elizayo.
1.3 Imizekelo yeHlabathi yokwenyani
1.3.1 UMongo woShishino
Kwimeko yeshishini, i Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) luphawu oluphambili olubalulekileyo. Ilinganisa indlela abathengi abanethemba ngayo okanye abangenathemba malunga nekamva labo lezemali, nto leyo eqikelela amanqanaba enkcitho yabathengi. I-CCI ekhulayo iphakamisa inkcitho yabathengi eyandisiweyo, enokuthi ikhuthaze ukukhula koqoqosho.
1.3.2 IziGqibo zoTyalo-mali
Kwizigqibo zotyalo-mali, iindlela zemarike yemasheya zidla ngokujongwa njengezalathisi eziphambili. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso esitokhwe kunokubonisa ukukhula koqoqosho kwixesha elizayo, njengoko abatyali-mali belindele imivuzo ephezulu yenkampani.
1.3.3 ULawulo lweMali yoMntu
The izinga lokonga sesinye isalathisi esikhokelayo esinxulumene nolawulo lwemali yomntu. Ukunyuka kogcino-mali kunokubonisa inkxalabo yabathengi malunga neemeko zoqoqosho zexesha elizayo, ezinokubonisa ukuhla.
2. Ukutyhila izalathisi eziqhelekileyo eziKhokelayo
Kweli candelo, siqalisa ukhenketho olukhokelwayo kwihlabathi le izikhokelo ezikhokelayo, esikhanyisela ngendima yawo ephambili ekuxeleni kwangaphambili impilo yezoqoqosho, yezoshishino neyemali. Ngokuqonda ezi zalathisi, abantu ngabanye kunye neengcali ngokufanayo banokufumana ulwazi olusebenzayo kutshintsho lwemarike, ukusebenza kweshishini, kunye nokuzinza kwezemali, okwenza kube ngcono ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokucwangciswa kobuchule.
2.1 Izikhombisi zoqoqosho
Izalathisi zoqoqosho isebenza njengekhampasi yokujonga imeko yezoqoqosho yexesha elizayo. Banikezela ngemibono exabisekileyo kwicala apho imarike isiya khona, ivumela abachaphazelekayo ukuba balindele utshintsho kunokuba basabele kubo.
2.1.1 Izalathisi ze-Stock Market
Izalathisi zemarike yemasheya njenge-S&P 500 kunye ne-NASDAQ zizalathisi eziphambili ezikhokelayo. Isalathiso esinyukayo sicebisa ukuzithemba komtyali-mali kunye nembono enethemba kuqoqosho, ngelixa isalathiso esihlayo sinokubonisa ukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho okanye ukungabi nathemba. Ezi zalathi zibonisa ukusebenza ngokudibeneyo kweenkampani zabo, zibonelela ngomfanekiso wempilo yezoqoqosho kunye novakalelo lwabatyali-zimali.
2.1.2 Isalathiso sezoQoqosho esiKhokelayo
The Isalathiso sezoQoqosho esiKhokelayo (LEI), iqulunqwe yiBhodi yeNkomfa, idibanisa izikhombisi ezininzi eziphambili zokuqikelela umsebenzi wezoqoqosho wexesha elizayo. Amacandelo afana nemiyalelo emitsha kwimveliso, amaxabiso esitokhwe, kunye nolindelo lwabathengi badibanisa ukunika umbono obanzi woqikelelo lwezoqoqosho. Intshukumo ye-LEI ijongwe kakhulu ngoosoqoqosho kunye nabatyali-mali njengento ebonisa ukwanda koqoqosho okanye ukucutheka.
2.1.3 ISalathiso sokuzithemba kwabathengi
The Isalathiso sokuzithemba kwabathengi (CCI) ilinganisa indlela abathengi abanethemba ngayo okanye abangenathemba ngayo malunga nemeko yabo yemali elindelekileyo. I-CCI ephezulu ibonisa ukuba abathengi bazithembile ngoqoqosho kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba bachithe imali, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-CCI ephantsi ibonisa inkxalabo yabathengi malunga nekamva, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni inkcitho kunye nokunciphisa uqoqosho.
2.2 Izalathisi zeMisebenzi yoShishino
Kwindawo yoshishino, izikhombisi ezithile zibonelela ngemiqondiso kwangethuba malunga nokusebenza kwenkampani kunye namathemba ekamva.
2.2.1 Ii-odolo eziNtsha kunye noLondolozo
Iiodolo ezintsha bonisa intengiso kunye nengeniso yexesha elizayo, ngokunyuka okucebisa ukunyuka kwemfuno yeemveliso okanye iinkonzo zenkampani. Ukusilela, kwelinye icala, ibonisa imiyalelo efunyenweyo kodwa engekazalisekiswa. Ukusilela okukhulayo kungabonakalisa imfuno emandla, kodwa kukwafuna ulawulo olunenyameko ukuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
2.2.2 Uluhlu lwempahla kunye ne-Inventory-to-Sales Ratio
I nqanaba le uluhlu lwezinto kwaye i inventory-to-sales ratio inokubonakalisa utshintsho kwimfuno yemarike kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela. Amanqanaba asezantsi oluhlu lwempahla ngokunxulumene nentengiso angabonisa imfuno emandla okanye ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-inventri, ngelixa amanqanaba aphezulu anokuthi acebise ukuthotywa kwemfuno okanye imveliso egqithisileyo.
2.2.3 Uphando noPhuhliso loTyalo-mali
Utyalomali kwi UPhando noPhuhliso (R&D) luphawu olujonge phambili lokuzinikela kwenkampani ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha kunye nokukhula. Ukonyuka kwenkcitho yeR&D kungabonakalisa ukuzithemba kumathuba emarike exesha elizayo kunye nokujolisa kwisicwangciso sobuchule kukhuphiswano lwexesha elide.
2.3 Izalathi-mali
Impilo yezemali kunye nozinzo zinokuvavanywa kusetyenziswa izikhombisi ezininzi ezikhokelayo ezibonisa uzinzo lwemali yenkampani kunye nokukhula okunokwenzeka.
2.3.1 Umlinganiselo weTyala-to-Equity
The Ityala-to-Equity Ratiyo uthelekisa amatyala ewonke enkampani kunye nezabelo zabanini-zabelo. Umlinganiselo ophantsi ubonisa ukuba inkampani isebenzisa amatyala amancinci xa kuthelekiswa ne-equity, icebisa imeko yemali ezinzileyo kwaye enokuba ngaphantsi. ingozi kubatyali-mali.
2.3.2 Ulungelelwaniso lwangoku
The Ukulinganiswa kwangoku, ukulinganisa ukukwazi kwenkampani ukuhlawula izibophelelo zexesha elifutshane kunye nempahla yayo yexesha elifutshane, inika ingqiqo kwi utywala. Umlinganiselo ophezulu ubonisa imeko eyomeleleyo yemali yokuhlawula amatyala, eyenza inkampani ikwazi ukuhlangabezana namatyala ayo exesha elifutshane ngokulula ngakumbi.
2.3.3 Ukukhula ngeSabelo ngeSabelo (EPS).
Ingeniso ngeSabelo ngasinye (EPS) Ukukhula ibonisa inzuzo yenkampani kunye nokukhula okulindelweyo. Ukunyuka kwe-EPS kubonisa ukuphucula impilo yezemali kunye nenzuzo, ehlala ikhokelela ekunyukeni kokuzithemba komtyali-mali kunye namaxabiso aphezulu e-stock.
| Udidi lwesalathisi | imizekelo | Injongo & Insights |
|---|---|---|
| Izikhombisi zoqoqosho | S&P 500, NASDAQ, LEI, CCI | Qikelela ukutshintshwa kweemarike, jonga impilo yezoqoqosho kunye nokuzithemba kwabathengi |
| Umsebenzi weShishini | Iiodolo eziNtsha, uLondolozo, uTyalo-mali lwe-R&D | Vavanya ukusebenza kwangaphakathi, imfuno, kunye nemizamo yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha |
| Iimpawu zemali | Umlinganiselo weTyala-to-Equity, umlinganiselo wangoku, uHlumo lwe-EPS | Vavanya impilo yezemali, ukuba nemali yokuhlawula amatyala, kunye nengeniso |
3. Ukugqwesa ubuGcisa bokuTolika
Kwinkalo yezemali noqoqosho, ukukwazi ukutolika kubalulekile ekusebenziseni izikhombisi ezikhokelayo ngempumelelo. Eli candelo liphicotha kwii-nuances zokutolika izikhombisi ezikhokelayo, ziqaqambisa imida yazo kwaye zibonelele ngokwenzekayo qhinga ukuguqula iimbono zibe zizigqibo ezibambekayo. Ngokuqonda iintshukumo ezintsonkothileyo zezi zalathi, abantu kunye namashishini banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ezichaphazela kakhulu impilo yabo yezemali kunye nomkhombandlela wobuchule.
3.1 Ukuqonda imida
3.1.1 Imiba yaNgaphandle kunye neziganeko ezingalindelekanga
Iimpawu eziphambili, ngelixa zixabiseke kakhulu kuqikelelo lwekamva loqoqosho kunye neendlela zoshishino, azinakusilela. Bachaphazeleka kwizinto zangaphandle kunye neziganeko ezingalindelekanga ezinokuguqula ngokukhawuleza iziphumo eziqikelelweyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuxhatshazwa kwezopolitiko, iintlekele zendalo, kunye nokutshintsha ngequbuliso kumgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunokuchaphazela iimeko zoqoqosho ngeendlela ezinokuthi zingabonakali kwangaphambili. Oku kungaqiniseki okukhoyo kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokulumkisa kunye nokuguquguquka ekusebenziseni ezi metrics ekwenzeni izigqibo.
3.1.2 Ukubaluleka koNxantathu kunye noMxholo
Ukunciphisa imida yezalathi ezikhokelayo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-triangulation-ukusebenzisa izikhombisi ezininzi zokuqinisekisa iintsingiselo-kwaye uqwalasele umxholo obanzi. Akukho salathisi esisodwa sinokunika umfanekiso opheleleyo; kungoko, ukuhlalutya kunye namanye amanqaku edatha kunye neziganeko zangoku kubalulekile. Le ndlela iphakamisa ukuthembeka koqikelelo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zisekelwe kuhlalutyo olubanzi lolwazi olukhoyo.
3.2 IiNdlela zokuSebenza
3.3.1 Ukulungelelanisa iziCwangciso zoShishino kunye nokuSebenza
Imibono evela kwizalathi ezikhokelayo inokwazisa izigqibo zeshishini ezicwangcisiweyo ezifana nolawulo lwempahla. Umzekelo, ukonyuka kwezalathi ezikhokelayo zenkcitho yabathengi kunokubangela ukuba ishishini lonyuse uluhlu lwempahla ngokulindela imfuno ephezulu. Ngokuchaseneyo, izalathisi ezibonisa ukudodobala koqoqosho kunokukhokelela kwisicwangciso sogcino-mpahla esilondolozayo ukuthintela isitokhwe esigqithisileyo kunye neendleko ezinxulumene noko.
3.3.2 Amathuba oTyalo-mali oluCwangcisiweyo
Kubatyali-mali, izalathisi ezikhokelayo zinokugqamisa amathuba acwangcisiweyo epotifoliyo ulwahlulo. Ngokuchonga amacandelo alungele ukukhula okanye ukuhla, abatyali-mali banokuhlengahlengisa iipotfoliyo zabo ukuze bazuze kwiintshukumo zemarike ezinokubakho. Le ndlela isebenzayo kutyalo-mali inokuphucula imbuyekezo ngelixa unciphisa umngcipheko.
3.3.3 Ukhetho lweMali yoMntu olunolwazi
Kwinqanaba lezemali lomntu, izikhombisi ezikhokelayo zinokukhokela abantu ekulawuleni inkcitho yabo, ukonga, kunye neendlela zotyalo-mali. Umzekelo, izalathi ezicebisa ukuhla kwezoqoqosho kunokukhuthaza inkcitho eyongezelelekileyo kunye nokonga okwandisiweyo njengesithinteli ngokuchasene nemingeni enokubakho yezemali.
| Icandelo | Amaphuzu aphambili |
|---|---|
| Ukuqonda Ukulinganiselwa | – Izalathisi eziphambili azikho isidenge. – Ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa izikhombisi ezininzi kunye nokuqwalasela umxholo obanzi. |
| Ubuchule bokuSebenza | -Ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi yeshishini ngokusekelwe kwiimbono. – Ukusebenzisa izalathi kumathuba otyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo. – Ukwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwimali yobuqu. |
isishwankathelo
Ukuqukumbela, izikhombisi ezikhokelayo zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kumhlaba wezezimali noqoqosho, ezibonelela ngembono yangaphambili kwiintsingiselo zemarike zexesha elizayo kunye neemeko zoqoqosho. Nokuba kukukhokela izigqibo zobuchule boshishino, ukwazisa amaqhinga otyalo-mali, okanye ukuqulunqa ucwangciso lobuqu lwezemali, ezi zalathi zibonelela ngemibono eqikelelwayo eyimfuneko ekuthathweni kwezigqibo okukhawulezileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwabo okusebenzayo kufuna ukuqonda okungafaniyo kwemida yabo kunye nendlela ebanzi yokutolika. Ngokudibanisa izikhombisi ezikhokelayo kuhlalutyo lwabo, abantu kunye namashishini banokujonga ubunzima bemeko yezoqoqosho ngobuchule, benze izigqibo ezinolwazi ezandisa iziphumo kwaye ziqhube impumelelo kwihlabathi elihlala liguquka.
