1. Ukuqonda ii-ETFs
UkutshintshiselanaTraded Iimali (ii-ETF) ziguqula ihlabathi lorhwebo. Banikezela ngokudityaniswa okukhethekileyo kokuvezwa okuhlukeneyo kweemali ezihlangeneyo kunye nokuguquguquka komntu ngamnye esitokisini. Ngokusisiseko, i-ETF yingobozi yokhuseleko onokuthi uyithenge okanye uyithengise nge brokerinkampani yobudala kwi-stock exchange.
Ii-ETF ziyilelwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwesalathiso esithile, icandelo, yorhwebo, okanye iklasi ye-asethi. Zinokuqukwa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali, kubandakanywa izitokhwe, iibhondi, izinto zorhwebo, okanye umxube weentlobo zotyalo-mali. Oku kubenza babe sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokwahlula ipotifoliyo yakho.
ukohlulwa luphawu olungundoqo lwe-ETFs. Kuba zibandakanya izibambiso ezininzi, basasaza utyalo-mali ingozi phezu koluhlu olubanzi lwee-asethi. Oku kunokunceda ukukhusela iphothifoliyo yakho kwi ukungazinzi yezibambiso zomntu ngamnye. Kodwa khumbula, ngelixa ukuhlukahluka kunokunceda ekusasazeni umngcipheko, akuqinisekisi nzuzo okanye ukukhusela kwilahleko.
kwamatyala yenye intengiso ebalulekileyovantage yee-ETFs. Ngokungafaniyo neengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo, ezo kuphela trade ekupheleni kosuku, ETFs ingaba traded imini yonke njengezitokhwe. Oku kukuvumela ukuba usabele ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqu zemarike. Ngaphezu koko, ukukwazi ukubeka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-odolo (njengemiyalelo yokukhawulela kunye stop-ilahleko imiyalelo) ikunika ulawulo olukhulu lokuba uthenga nini kwaye ngeliphi ixabiso okanye uthengise izabelo zakho ze-ETF.
Ukusebenza kweendleko lutsalo olukhulu kubatyali-mali abaninzi. Ii-ETF zidla ngokuba neendleko eziphantsi kuneengxowa-mali ezifanayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwee-ETF zilawulwa ngokungenzi nto, zijonge ukuthelekisa ukusebenza kwesalathiso kunokuzama ukubetha imarike. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iifizi zokurhweba zinokudibanisa ukuba unakho trade ETFs rhoqo.
elubala luphawu oluphambili lwee-ETFs. Bachaza izinto abanazo mihla le, ngoko uhlala usazi kakuhle ukuba yeyiphi na impahla onayo. Oku akusoloko kunjalo ngeengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo, ezichaza kuphela ukubamba kwazo ngekota.
Ehlabathini lokurhweba kunye notyalo-mali, ulwazi ngamandla. Ngokuziqonda ii-ETFs, unokusebenzisa izibonelelo zabo ukuphucula isicwangciso sakho sokurhweba kwaye unokwandisa imbuyekezo yakho.
1.1. Yintoni ii-ETFs?
Kwindalo yonke yokhetho lotyalo-mali, Shintsha Traded Iingxowa-mali (ETFs) ikhazimle ngokuqaqambileyo, inika umdibaniso okhethekileyo weempawu ezenza zibe yintandokazi phakathi kwesavvy traders kunye nabatyali-mali. Embindini wayo, i-ETF luhlobo lwengxowa-mali kunye notshintshiselwano-traded imveliso, traded kurhwebo lwesitokhwe kakhulu njengesitokhwe somntu ngamnye. Ziyilelwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwesalathiso esithile, icandelo, imveliso, okanye iklasi ye-asethi.
ETFs zifana nebhaskithi ezaliswe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko ezifana nezitokhwe, iibhondi, okanye izinto zorhwebo. Le ndalo yahlukeneyo ibenza babe sisixhobo esigqwesileyo sokwahluka kweepotfoliyo. Ngokomzekelo, endaweni yokuthenga izitokhwe zomntu ngamnye kwaye uzame ukulinganisa iphothifoliyo yakho ngokwakho, ungathenga i-ETF elandelela isalathiso semarike ebanzi njenge-S&P 500. Ngale ndlela, ufumana ukuvezwa kwiinkampani ezininzi, ukusasaza umngcipheko kwaye kunokwenzeka. ukwandisa amathuba akho okubuyisela.
Enye yeempawu eziphambili ezahlula ii-ETFs kwiingxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo zizo urhwebo. Ii-ETF zinokuthengwa kwaye zithengiswe kulo lonke usuku lokurhweba ngamaxabiso emarike, njengempahla yomntu ngamnye. Oku kubonelela ukuguquguquka kokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiintshukumo zentengiso, uphawu olunomtsalane ngakumbi olusebenzayo traders.
Ngaphezu koko, ii-ETF zibhiyozelwa ngenxa yazo Kuhleni. Ababoneleli be-ETF balindeleke ukuba bachaze ukubamba kwengxowa-mali yonke imihla, bevumela abatyali-mali ukuba bazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi ii-asethi abanazo nge-ETF yabo. Lo ngumahluko omkhulu kwiingxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo, apho ukubanjiswa kwempahla kudla ngokudizwa kuphela ngekota.
Ekugqibeleni, ii-ETF zihlala ziza kunye umlinganiselo weendleko eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo, okwenza kube yinto ebiza imali eninzi kubatyalo-mali bexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iifizi zokurhweba zinokudibanisa abo bathe trade rhoqo.
Nokuba unamava trader ukukhangela isixhobo sotyalo-mali oluguquguqukayo, okanye umtyali-zimali oqalayo ofuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendleko ezisebenzayo zokungena kwimarike, ii-ETF zinokuba lukhetho olunyanzelekileyo lokuqwalaselwa.
1.2. Iindidi zee-ETF
Ukuntywila kwihlabathi loTshintsho-Traded Iingxowa-mali (ETFs) zinokuziva ngathi zingena kwi-labyrinth ye-jargon yezemali kunye nezakhiwo ezinzima. Kodwa ungoyiki, kuba silapha ukukukhokela kwi-maze, siqala ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zee-ETFs ungadibana nohambo lwakho lokurhweba.
Embindini wayo, i-ETF luhlobo lwengxowa-mali yotyalo-mali kunye notshintshiselwano-traded imveliso, traded kwiintengiso zesitokhwe. Ii-ETF zenzelwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwezalathisi ezithile, amacandelo, izinto zorhwebo, okanye ezinye ii-asethi. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ii-ETF ezenziwe ngokulinganayo.
Isalathiso seETFs luhlobo oluqhelekileyo, lwenzelwe ukulandela isalathisi esithile njenge-S & P 500. Banikezela ngendlela ephantsi kweendleko zokufikelela kwi-exposure yemarike ebanzi, okwenza ukuba babe yintandokazi phakathi kwabatyalo-mali abangenayo.
Icandelo le-ETFs kugxilwe kumacandelo athile oqoqosho afana nobuchwepheshe, ukhathalelo lwempilo, okanye ezemali. Ezi ETF zivumela abatyali-mali ukuba bajolise kutyalo-mali lwabo kwiindawo zoqoqosho abakholelwa ukuba ziya kusebenza kakuhle.
Ii-ETF zorhwebo ukutyala imali kwizinto eziphathekayo ezifana neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ioyile, okanye iimpahla zezolimo. Banikezela ngendlela yokutyala imali kwezi mveliso ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuzigcina ngokwasemzimbeni.
Ii-ETF zeBond zibonelela ngokutyhileka kwimarike yeebhondi. Banokugxila kwiintlobo ezithile zeebhondi, ezifana neenkampani okanye urhulumente, okanye ubude obuthile, ukusuka kwixesha elifutshane ukuya kwixesha elide.
Ii-ETF zamazwe ngamazwe ukunika ukuvezwa kwiimarike zangaphandle, ukubonelela ngendlela elula yokwahlula ipotifoliyo yakho ngokwejografi.
ETFs ezinemixholo gxila kwimixholo ethile okanye iindlela, ezifana namandla acocekileyo okanye urhwebo lwe-e. Ezi ETF zivumela abatyali-mali ukuba batyale kwiinkolelo zabo malunga nesalathiso sekamva lemarike okanye uqoqosho.
Ii-ETF ezixhasiweyo kunye neziguqukileyo zintsonkothe ββngakumbi kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngabantu abanamava traders. Ii-ETF ezixhaphakileyo zijolise ekunikezeni amaxesha amaninzi umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wesalathiso okanye icandelo abalilandelayo. Ii-ETF eziguquguqukayo zijonge ukunikezela ngokuchaseneyo nokusebenza komgangatho wazo.
ETFs eziLawulwayo ngokuSebenzayo zilawulwa liqela leengcaphephe zotyalo-mali ezenza izigqibo malunga nokuba zeziphi na ii-asethi emazibanjwe, ngokungafaniyo nee-ETF ezininzi ezilawulwa ngokungenamkhethe ukulandela isalathiso.
Khumbula, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-ETF luza neeseti zalo zomngcipheko kunye nemivuzo. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo linyathelo lokuqala lokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokuba zeziphi ii-ETF ezifanelekileyo kwisicwangciso sakho sotyalo-mali.
1.3. Izibonelelo ze-ETFs
ukohlulwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona nzuzo zinomtsalane ze-ETFs. Bakuvumela ukuba utyale imali kuluhlu olubanzi lwee-asethi, ukusasaza umngcipheko kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, amashishini, kunye namazwe. Le yintengiso ebalulekileyovantage kuba traders kunye nabatyali-mali abajonge ukunciphisa umngcipheko ngelixa besandisa imbuyekezo enokwenzeka.
kwamatyala yenye intengiso engundoqovantage. ETF zi traded kutshintshiselwano nje ngezabelo zomntu ngamnye, okuthetha ukuba ungathenga kwaye uzithengise ngalo lonke usuku lokurhweba ngamaxabiso emarike. Oku kuguquguquka kunokuba yi-asethi enkulu xa ufuna ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqu zemarike.
The ukufikeleleka ye-ETFs nayo ibalulekile. Banikezela ngokutyhileka kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo kunye neeklasi ze-asethi ezinokuba nzima ukufikelela ngenye indlela. Nokuba unomdla kumacandelo athile, imveliso, iibhondi, okanye iimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho i-ETF ehambelana nebhili.
Ukusebenza kweendleko yenye inzuzo enyanzelisayo. Ii-ETFs zinemilinganiselo ephantsi yeendleko kuneengxowa-mali ezifanayo, oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphantsi kotyalo-mali lwakho ludliwe yintlawulo. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokuba zilawulwa nje, zikholisa ukuba namazinga asezantsi engeniso, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwimisitho erhafiswa embalwa.
Ekugqibeleni, ii-ETF zibonelela Kuhleni. Ngokungafaniyo neengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo, ezichaza kuphela ukugcinwa kwazo ngekota, ii-ETF zityhila ukubamba kwazo yonke imihla. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngqo ukuba yeyiphi na i-asethi onayo, inika umfanekiso ocacileyo wotyalo-mali lwakho.
Ngamafutshane, ii-ETF zibonelela ngendibaniselwano eyodwa yeenzuzo ezinokuthi zibenze bongezelelo oluxabisekileyo kuyo nayiphi na ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali. Nokuba ungumqali trader okanye usozimali onamava, intengisovantageIi-ETF zifanelekile ukuqwalaselwa.
2. Ukuqalisa ngee-ETFs
Shintsha Traded Iingxowa-mali (ETFs) baye bahlasela iimarike zezemali, banikezela ngokudityaniswa okukhethekileyo kweenzuzo ezihlukeneyo zeengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo kunye nokuguquguquka kwesitokhwe ngasinye. Kodwa kubantu abangaziyo, ukuhamba ngeendawo ze-ETF kunokuba nzima. Masiyiqhekeze ibe ziziqwenga ezilawulekayo.
Ukuqonda i-ETF Basics linyathelo lokuqala. Ii-ETF ziimali zotyalo-mali traded kutshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe, kakhulu njengesitokhwe somntu ngamnye. Bajonge ukulandelela ukusebenza kwesalathiso esithile, icandelo, imveliso, okanye iklasi ye-asethi. Ngokungafaniyo neengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo, ii-ETF zithengwa kwaye zithengiswa kulo lonke usuku lokurhweba ngexabiso lemarike, inika abatyali-mali ithuba lokusebenzisa iindlela zotyalo-mali ezicwangcisiweyo ezifana nokuthengisa okufutshane okanye ukuthenga. imajini.
Ukukhetha i-ETF eLungileyo ifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngenyameko. Ngamawaka ee-ETF ezifumanekayo, ngalinye lilandelela izalathisi kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe ezihambelana neenjongo zakho zotyalo-mali kunye nokunyamezela umngcipheko. Khangela ii-ETF ezinerekhodi eliqinileyo, umlinganiselo weendleko eziphantsi, kunye nempahla ebalulekileyo phantsi kolawulo lozinzo.
ukohlulwa yintengiso engundoqovantage yee-ETFs. I-ETF enye inokubamba amakhulu, kunye namawaka, ezitokhweni okanye iibhondi, ekuvumela ukuba usasaze umngcipheko kulo lonke utyalo-mali olwahlukeneyo. Oku kunokunceda ukuthomalalisa impembelelo yalo naluphi na utyalo-mali olungalunganga olungaqhubi kakuhle.
Ii-ETF zokurhweba iyafana nokurhweba ngabanye. Ungathenga okanye uthengise ii-ETFs nangaliphi na ixesha ngosuku lokurhweba, ngokungafaniyo neemali ezihlangeneyo, eziphela trade ekupheleni kosuku. Olu bhetyebhetye lunokuba yintengiso ebalulekileyovantage esebenzayo traders.
Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko zibalulekile xa utyala imali kwi-ETFs. Ngelixa ii-ETFs ngokubanzi zineendleko eziphantsi kuneemali ezifanayo, azikho simahla. Qaphela ukusasazeka kwe-bid-ask, iikhomishini zorhwebo, kunye nazo naziphi na iimpembelelo zerhafu ezinokubakho.
Imingcipheko ye-ETF mayingahoywa. Ngelixa ii-ETF zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, azikhuselekanga kumngcipheko wentengiso. Ixabiso le-ETF linokuhla kunye nokunyuka, kwaye kuhlala kukho umngcipheko wokuba i-ETF ayinakuphinda iphinde isebenze ngokupheleleyo kwisalathiso sayo.
Ukuntywila kwihlabathi le-ETFs kunokuba luhambo olonwabisayo, olunika ithuba lembuyekezo ebalulekileyo. Kodwa njengalo naluphi na utyalo-mali, ukuqonda iziseko, ukukhetha ngobulumko, kunye nokwazi iingozi kubalulekile kwimpumelelo.
2.1. Indlela yokuTyala imali kwi-ETFs
UkutshintshiselanaTraded Iingxowa-mali (ETFs) baye baphakama baba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kubo bobabini abatsha kunye nabatyali-zimali abanamava. Banikezela ngomxube okhethekileyo wokuvezwa okuhlukeneyo kweengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo kunye nokuguquguquka kwesitokhwe somntu ngamnye, okwenza kube yinto ekhangayo. tradebajonge ukwandisa iipotfoliyo zabo.
Inyathelo elilodwa kutyalo-mali kwii-ETF kukuqonda ukuba ziyintoni na. I-ETF luhlobo lokhuseleko olubandakanya ingqokelela yezibambiso-ezifana nezitokhwe-ezihlala zijolise ekulandeleni isalathisi esithile. Ngelixa zifana neengxowa-mali ezifanayo, zidweliswe kutshintshiselwano kunye nezabelo ze-ETF trade imini yonke njengempahla eqhelekileyo.
Inyathelo ezimbini ukhetha i-ETF efanelekileyo kwiinjongo zakho zotyalo-mali. Kukho amawaka ee-ETF ezifumanekayo, nganye inika ujoliso lwecandelo elahlukileyo, utyalo-mali qhinga, kunye namanqanaba omngcipheko. Kubalulekile ukuba uphando nganye ye-ETF, imbali yokusebenza, kunye nomlinganiselo weendleko phambi kokuba wenze isigqibo.
Isinyathelo esithathu ithatha isigqibo sokuba yimalini oza kuyityala. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiinjongo zakho zemali, ukunyamezela umngcipheko, kunye nexesha lotyalo-mali. Ipotfoliyo eyohlukeneyo ihlala ibandakanya umxube weeklasi ezahlukeneyo ze-asethi, kwaye ii-ETF zingayindlela entle yokufezekisa oku.
Inqanaba lesine ngokwenene ithenga i-ETF. Oku kunokwenziwa nge-intanethi broker okanye i-robo-advisor. Kulula njengokwenza i-akhawunti, ukufaka imali, kunye nokubeka iodolo ye-ETF oyikhethileyo.
Utyalo-mali kwii-ETFs lunokuba linyathelo elilungileyo traders kunye nabatyali-mali ngokufanayo. Ngokuguquguquka kwabo, ukungafani, kunye nokusebenziseka ngokulula, banokuba sisixhobo esinamandla kwi-arsenal yakho yotyalo-mali. Nangona kunjalo, njengalo lonke utyalo-mali, banomngcipheko, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba hlalutya ukhetho lwakho ngononophelo kwaye ucinge ngokufuna iingcebiso kumcebisi wezezimali.
2.2. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ii-ETFs
ukohlulwa lilitye lembombo lesicwangciso sotyalo-mali oluluqilima, kwaye ii-ETF zibonelela ngendlela ethe ngqo yokuyifeza. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ii-ETF ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Xa ukhetha i-ETF, cinga ngayo ulwabiwo lweempahla. Ezinye ii-ETF zijolise kumacandelo athile, njengetekhnoloji okanye ukhathalelo lwempilo, ngelixa ezinye zibonelela ngokuvezwa kwemarike ngokubanzi.
kwamatyala yenye into ebalulekileyo. Ii-ETF ezinexabiso eliphezulu lokurhweba zidla ngokuba ne-bid-ask spreads ezincinci, nto leyo ezenza zingabizi kakhulu trade. Jonga i-avareji umthamo wokurhweba mihla le phambi kokuba wenze isigqibo sakho.
Musa ukuyihoya umyinge weendleko. Le yintlawulo yonyaka zonke iingxowa-mali okanye ii-ETF ezihlawulisa abaninizabelo bazo. Imele ipesenti yotyalo-mali lwakho kwaye inokuchaphazela kakhulu imbuyekezo yakho ekuhambeni kwexesha. Khangela ii-ETF ezinomlinganiselo ophantsi weendleko, kodwa musa ukuncama umgangatho weendleko.
Imbali yokusebenza inokubonelela ngengqiqo exabisekileyo kwizinto ezinokubakho ze-ETF. Ngelixa umsebenzi wangaphambili ungesosiqinisekiso seziphumo zexesha elizayo, unokukunika imvakalelo yokuguquguquka kwengxowa-mali kunye nendlela esabela ngayo kwiimeko zemarike.
Okokugqibela, qwalasela i ukulandelwa kwesalathiso. Ii-ETF zenzelwe ukulandelela ukusebenza kwesalathiso esithile. Ngoko ke, khangela ukuba i-ETF ilandele ngokusondeleyo kangakanani isalathiso sayo kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Ezi zinto aziphelelanga, kwaye ukubaluleka kwayo nganye kunokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zakho zotyalo-mali kunye nokunyamezela umngcipheko. Soloko usenza inkuthalo egqibeleleyo phambi kokuba utyale imali kuyo nayiphi na i-ETF.
2.3. Ukulawula iETF yakho yePotfoliyo
Ukuba nobuchule bokulawula ipotifoliyo yeETF yakho luhambo olufuna umdibaniso wolwazi, iqhinga, kunye nokucolwa. Akukhona nje ukuthenga nokuthengisa; imalunga nokuqonda imarike, ukwazi ukuba ubambe nini, kunye nexesha lokusonga.
Ukuqala, ulwahlulo ngundoqo. Ii-ETFs zikuvumela ukuba uguqule ipotifoliyo yakho kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo ze-asethi, amacandelo, kunye nemimandla yejografi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthenga izibambiso zomntu ngamnye. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokuphucula imbuyekezo. Kodwa khumbula, ukuhlukahluka akuqinisekisi ngeniso okanye kukhusele kwilahleko.
Ukujongana kwakhona ngomnye umba obalulekileyo wolawulo lwepotfoliyo yeETF. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukushukuma kweemarike kunokubangela ukuba ulwabiwo lwe-asethi yepotfoliyo yakho ikhukuliswe koko bekujoliswe kuko. Ukuphonononga rhoqo kunye nokulungelelanisa ipotfoliyo yakho ukugcina umxube owunqwenelayo we-asethi kunokunceda ukugcina isicwangciso sakho sotyalo-mali sisendleleni.
Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko kufuneka kwakhona ibe kwi radar yakho. Ngelixa ii-ETFs ngokubanzi zineendleko eziphantsi kuneemali ezidibeneyo, azikho simahla. Ziqaphele iindleko zentengiselwano, ukusasazeka kwebhidi, kunye neempembelelo zerhafu ezinokubakho kumsebenzi wakho worhwebo.
Ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwee-ETFs inokuphucula ukusebenza kwepotfoliyo yakho. Ngokomzekelo, ungasebenzisa ii-ETF zecandelo ukuthatha indawo yobuchule kwishishini elithile, okanye usebenzise ii-ETF eziguquguqukayo ukuthintela ukuhla kweemarike. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zicwangciso zifuna ukuqonda okunzulu kobume be-ETF kunye nokutshintsha kweemarike, ngoko nyathela ngononophelo.
Gqi beleni, hlala unolwazi. Ubume be-ETF buhlala buguquka, kunye neemveliso ezintsha, amaqhinga, kunye notshintsho lolawulo. Ukuhlala usexesheni ngentsingiselo yamva nje yoshishino kunye nophuhliso lwemarike kunokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezizizo kwaye wandise ulawulo lwepotfoliyo ye-ETF yakho.
Khumbula, akukho ndlela-nye ilingana-konke kulawulo lwepotfoliyo ye-ETF. Into esebenzayo kumtyali-mali omnye isenokungasebenzi komnye. Kumalunga nokufumana ibhalansi echanekileyo ehambelana neenjongo zakho zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela umngcipheko, kunye nexesha. Ke, songa imikhono yakho, yenza umsebenzi wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya, kwaye uqalise ukulawula iphothifoliyo yakho ye-ETF njengepro.
3. Izicwangciso zoRhwebo ze-ETF eziqhelekileyo
Ukuntywila kwihlabathi le-ETF yorhwebo, kukho izicwangciso ezimbalwa ezibonakalise ukuba ziyasebenza. Eyokuqala yile Thenga ubambe. Esi sicwangciso, esisoloko sisetyenziswa ngabatyali-mali bexesha elide, sibandakanya ukuthenga i-ETF enerekhodi elungileyo kwaye ubambelele kuyo ixesha elibalulekileyo. Le ndlela isekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba nangona ukuguquguquka kwexesha elifutshane kwimarike, ixabiso le-ETFs elisemgangathweni liya kunyuka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Iqhinga lesibini Ukujikeleziswa kweCandelo. Le ndlela ifuna ukubandakanyeka kunye nolwazi lwemarike. Trader besebenzisa esi sicwangciso-qhinga baya kulutshintsha utyalo-mali lwabo phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo, ngokusekwe kuwo kuqikelelwa ukuba aya kusebenza kakuhle ngezigaba ezahlukeneyo zomjikelo wezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokuchacha kwezoqoqosho, amacandelo afana netekhnoloji kunye nengqiqo yabathengi anokubagqwesa abanye.
Gqibela, i Ukurhweba iqhinga lithandwa phakathi kwexesha elifutshane traders. Oku kubandakanya ukuthenga nokuthengisa ii-ETFs kwisithuba seentsuku okanye iiveki, ukwenza imali ngokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kwimarike. Traders usebenzisa esi sicwangciso kuya kufuneka esweni ngokufutshane iintsingiselo zemarike kunye neendaba ezinokuchaphazela amaxabiso ETF.
Ukurhweba ngababini lelinye iqhinga ekufuneka liqwalaselwe. Oku kubandakanya ukuthenga i-ETF enye kunye nokuthengisa okufutshane enye ngaphakathi kwecandelo elifanayo. Umbono apha kukuba ukuba imarike ihamba ngendlela eqikelelweyo, i trader baya kuzuza kwi-ETF abayithengileyo, kwaye ukuba imarike ihambela kwelinye icala, baya kuzuza kwi-ETF abayithengisayo.
Khumbula, ngelixa ezi zicwangciso zinokuba nengeniso, nazo ziza kunye nemingcipheko yazo. Kubalulekile ukuphanda ngokucokisekileyo kwaye uqonde isicwangciso ngasinye ngaphambi kokuba ungene.
3.1. Thenga kwaye Ubambe
Thenga ubambe sisicwangciso sotyalo-mali esibekekileyo esilula njengoko sivakala. Esikhundleni sokuzama ukubeka ixesha lemarike, uthengela izabelo ze-ETF kwaye ubambelele kuzo ixesha elide. Kwihlabathi lezorhwebo, kufana nokutyala imbewu uze uyilindele ngomonde ukuba ikhule ibe ngum-oki omkhulu.
Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sisekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba, ngaphandle kokuguquguquka kwexesha elifutshane, imarike ngokwembali ityekele phezulu kwixesha elide. Ke, ngokuhlala utyale imali, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhuphe ukwehla kwethutyana kwaye ukonwabele iziqhamo zokukhula kwexesha elide.
ETFs zifaneleke ngokukodwa isicwangciso sokuThenga kwaye ubambe. Ngokwantlukwano kwabo okungokwemvelo, basasaza umngcipheko kwibhaskithi yokhuseleko, ngokwenjenjalo bethomalalisa ifuthe lalo naluphi na usebenzo olulambathayo lokhuseleko olunye. Ngaphezu koko, ii-ETF's zomlinganiselo weendleko eziphantsi zibenza bangabizi kakhulu ukubamba ixesha elide.
Nangona kunjalo, Thenga kwaye ubambe ayisosicwangciso sokubeka kwaye ulibale. Ifuna ipotfoliyo eqhelekileyo ncomo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihambelana neenjongo zakho zemali ezikhulayo kunye nokunyamezela umngcipheko. Ikwafuna uqeqesho lokuxhathisa ukuthengisa ngoloyiko ngexesha lokuhla kweemarike.
Khumbula, utyalo-mali alukho malunga nokuba sisityebi ngokukhawuleza kodwa malunga nokukhulisa ubutyebi ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwaye ngomonde kunye nokuziphatha, iqhinga lokuThenga kwaye ubambe, ngakumbi xa uqeshwe nge-ETFs, inokuba sisixhobo esinamandla kwi-arsenal yakho yotyalo-mali.
3.2. Ukujikeleziswa kweCandelo
Njengoko ungena nzulu kwihlabathi loTshintsho Traded Iimali (ETFs), uya kudibana neqhinga elinomdla elaziwa ngokuba Ukujikeleziswa kweCandelo. Eli qhinga lisekelwe kuluvo lokuba amacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho asebenza ngcono kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo omjikelo wezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokukhula koqoqosho, amacandelo afana netekhnoloji kunye nengqiqo yabathengi adla ngokugqwesa. Kwelinye icala, ekudodobaleni koqoqosho, unokubona ukusebenza ngcono kumacandelo anje ngezinto eziluncedo kunye nezinto ezisisiseko zabathengi, ezithathwa njengezikhusela ngakumbi.
Ujikelezo lwecandelo ingaba sisixhobo esinamandla se traders kunye nabatyali-zimali, okubavumela ukuba basebenzise ezi ndlela zomjikelo. Ngokujikelezisa utyalo-mali lwabo lwe-ETF phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo, banokunyusa imbuyekezo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko. Umzekelo, umtyali-mali unokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-ETF yetekhnoloji ukuya kwii-ETF zokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba bakholelwa ukuba uqoqosho luyahamba ukusuka ekwandiseni ukuya ekucuthekeni.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba Ukujikeleza kwecandelo ayiloqhinga elingenabudenge. Ifuna ukuqonda okunzulu ngoqoqosho kunye nokukwazi ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo iintsingiselo zezoqoqosho. Lo asingomsebenzi ulula, nakubasebenzi abanamava. Ngaphezu koko, kubandakanya inqanaba elithile lomngcipheko, njengoko ukuqikelelwa malunga noqoqosho kunokungalunganga, okukhokelela kwilahleko enokwenzeka.
Ngaphandle kwale mingeni, Ukujikeleza kwecandelo inokuba lulongezelelo oluxabisekileyo kwi-ETF yakho yokurhweba kunye nesixhobo sotyalo-mali. Ngokuqonda umjikelo wezoqoqosho kunye nendlela amacandelo ahlukeneyo asabela ngayo kuwo, unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi kwaye unokuphucula imbuyekezo yakho. Ke, njengoko uqhubeka nohambo lwakho kwihlabathi le-ETFs, ungawahoyi amandla okujikeleza kwecandelo. Isenokuba sisicwangciso osidingayo ukuthatha urhwebo lwakho kunye nokutyala imali ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
3.3. Ukuthengisa okufutshane
Ukuthengisa okufutshane ngumba onika umdla wokurhweba kwe-ETF evumela abatyali-mali ukuba benze inzuzo ngokuhla kwexabiso lokhuseleko. Le ndlela, nangona ibonakala iphikisana ne-intuitive, sisixhobo esinamandla kwi trader's arsenal. Ukuqala ukuthengisa okufutshane, uboleka izabelo ze-ETF kwi-akhawunti yakho broker kwaye ngoko nangoko uzithengise kwimarike evulekileyo. Isicwangciso kukuzithenga kwakhona kamva ngexabiso eliphantsi, ubuyisele izabelo ezibolekiweyo kuwe broker, kunye nepokotho umahluko.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuthengisa okufutshane asikokwabantliziyo zityhafileyo. Sisicwangciso esinomngcipheko ophezulu esinokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu ukuba ixabiso le-ETF liyanyuka endaweni yokuhla. Ngokungafaniyo notyalo-mali lwemveli apho ilahleko yakho enokubakho ifakwe kwisixa otyale imali, ngokuthengisa okufutshane, ilahleko yakho ayinakulinganiselwa. Okukhona ixabiso lihamba, kokukhona ulahlekelwa yimali eninzi.
Ngaphandle kweengozi, ukuthengisa okufutshane kunika ithuba elikhethekileyo lenzuzo kwiimarike zebhere okanye xa ulindele ukuhla kwecandelo elithile okanye kwimarike jikelele. Ikwabonelela ngeendlela zokukhusela olunye utyalo-mali. Umzekelo, ukuba unesithuba eside kwi-ETF yetekhnoloji, ungathengisa ngokufutshane isalathiso setekhnoloji ye-ETF njengothango ngokuchasene nokuhla kwecandelo.
Ii-ETF ezithengisa ngokufutshane ikwaza nentengiso ethilevantages phezu short ukuthengisa isitokhwe ngabanye. Ii-ETF, eziyantlukwano, azifane zibe phantsi kwequbuliso, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso abukhali (okwaziwa ngokuba βkukucudisa okufutshaneβ) okubangelwa ziindaba ezilungileyo ezingalindelekanga ezivela kwinkampani enye.
Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba ukuthengisa okufutshane kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo kunye nokuqonda ngokucokisekileyo iingozi ezibandakanyekayo. Ayiloqhinga kubatyali-mali abasaqalayo okanye abo banonyamezelo oluphantsi lomngcipheko. Kodwa kwabo bazimisele ukwamkela ingozi, ukuthengisa okufutshane kunokuba sisicwangciso esinenzuzo kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
3.4. ETFs ezixhaphakileyo
Kwihlabathi le-ETFs, Ii-ETF ezichongiweyo yima njengesixhobo esisodwa nesinamandla se traders kunye nabatyali-mali. Ezi ETFs zisebenza kumgaqo wokusebenzisa i-derivatives yemali kunye namatyala ukukhulisa imbuyekezo yesalathiso esisisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, amathuba okuba nembuyekezo ephezulu iza nenqanaba eliphezulu lomngcipheko.
Umzekelo, i-ETF evunyiweyo ethembisa i-2x imbuyekezo kwisalathiso iya kujolisa ekubuyiseleni kabini imbuyekezo yesalathiso ngosuku olunikiweyo. Ukuba isalathisi sinyuka nge-1%, i-ETF exhasiweyo kufuneka inyuke nge-2%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isalathisi sehla nge-1%, i-ETF exhasiweyo iya kuwa nge-2%. Oku kuguquguquka okunyukayo kunokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu ukuba imarike ihamba ngokuchasene nesikhundla sakho.
Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ii-ETF ezixhaphakileyo ziyilelwe ukuphumeza iinjongo zazo ezichaziweyo ngemihla ngemihla. Ukusebenza kwabo ixesha elide kunokwahluka kakhulu kwintsebenzo yesalathiso sabo esisisiseko. Oku kungenxa yempembelelo edityanisiweyo yembuyekezo yemihla ngemihla, enokukhokelela kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'volatility decay'.
Ke ngoko, ngelixa ii-ETF ezixhasiweyo zinokuba sisixhobo esinamandla sabanamava traders ijonge ukwenza imali kwiintshukumo zemarike zexesha elifutshane, zisenokungalungeli abatyali-mali bexesha elide. Inqanaba eliphezulu lomngcipheko kunye nokwenzeka kokulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kuthetha ukuba bafuna ukuqonda okuqinileyo kweemarike kunye nendlela echanekileyo yokulawula umngcipheko.
Ngelixa umtsalane wembuyekezo ephezulu unokuhenda, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ubuxhakaxhaka kunye neengozi zee-ETF ezixhaphakileyo phambi kokuba uzibandakanye kwisicwangciso sakho sorhwebo okanye sotyalo-mali. Njengazo zonke izigqibo zotyalo-mali, kusoloko kububulumko ukwenza uphando lwakho kwaye ucinge ngokufuna iingcebiso kwingcali yezemali.
