Iindlela zokuSebenza ngoBuchule bokuGcinwa kweNkunzi

1. Isishwankathelo sokuGcinwa kweNkunzi

Kwihlabathi eliguquguqukayo le urhwebo, ukukhusela inkunzi yakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Iimarike zinokungacingelwa, kwaye ngaphandle kwesicwangciso esomeleleyo sokukhusela utyalo-mali lwakho, wena ingozi ilahleko ebalulekileyo. Eli candelo lazisa ingcamango yokugcinwa kwenkunzi kurhwebo, igxininisa ukubaluleka ulawulo lwengozi, kwaye inika isishwankathelo sezicwangciso eziphambili eziza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

1.1 Ukuchaza ukuGcinwa kweNkunzi kuRhwebo

Ugcino lwenkunzi lubhekisa kwi utyalo-mali izicwangciso ezijolise ekuthinteleni ilahleko yeemali eziphambili. Kurhwebo, oku kuthetha ukwenza izenzo ezikhusela utyalo-mali lwakho lokuqala okungazinzi kweemalike kunye nokuhla. Eyona njongo iphambili ayikokwandisa inzuzo kodwa kukuqinisekisa ukuba imali yakho yokurhweba ihlala injalo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le ndlela ibalulekile tradeababeka phambili uzinzo lwemali lwexesha elide kuneenzuzo zexeshana elifutshane.

Ugcino lwenkunzi lubandakanya ukhetho olulumkileyo lotyalo-mali, olufana nokukhetha izibambiso ezinomngcipheko ophantsi, iipotfoliyo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuphepha amalinge aqikelelwayo. Kukwabandakanya ukumisela imida yelahleko engqongqo kunye nokubambelela kwiindlela zokurhweba ezinengqeqesho. Ngokugxila ekugcineni inkunzi, traders inokumelana neemeko zemakethi ezimbi kwaye igcine isakhono sokuzuza amathuba exesha elizayo.

1.2 Ukubaluleka koLawulo loMngcipheko

Ulawulo lomngcipheko yinkqubo yokuchonga, yokuvavanya, nokulawula izoyikiso kwinkunzi yomntu kunye nemivuzo. Ekurhwebeni, ulawulo lomngcipheko olusebenzayo lubalulekile kuba lunceda ukunciphisa ilahleko enokubakho kunye nokwandisa amathuba okuzuza. Ngaphandle kolawulo olululo lomngcipheko, nokuba sisiganeko esinye esibi sinokukhokelela kukusilela okukhulu kwezemali.

Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kolawulo lomngcipheko kubandakanya ukuqaphela indlela okunciphisa ngayo ilahleko ngokuvumela traders ukumisela imida yokuba bazimisele ukulahlekelwa yimalini na kuko nakuphi na ukunikwa trade, rhoqo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana stop-ilahleko imiyalelo kunye nezicwangciso zokukhusela. Ikwagcina imali eyinkunzi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba traders banemali eyaneleyo yokuqhubeka berhweba nasemva kokufumana ilahleko, ngaloo ndlela begcina amandla abo okubuyisela kunye nokwenza inzuzo kwixesha elizayo. Ngaphezu koko, ulawulo lomngcipheko olusebenzayo lunegalelo kulawulo lweemvakalelo ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuthintela izigqibo ezinganyanzelekanga, eziqhutywa yimvakalelo ezinokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, ikhuthaza impumelelo yexesha elide ngokuvumela traders ukufikelela kwinzuzo engaguqukiyo ekuhambeni kwexesha ngokusebenzisa iindlela zorhwebo ezinengqeqesho nezicwangcisiweyo.

2. Ukuqonda uLawulo loMngcipheko

Ulawulo olusebenzayo lomngcipheko lusisiseko sorhwebo oluyimpumelelo notyalo-mali. Ibandakanya indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuchonga, ukuhlalutya, kunye nokunciphisa iingozi ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela inkunzi yakho yorhwebo. Ukuqonda ulawulo lomngcipheko kwenza trader ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo, ukukhusela utyalo-mali lwabo, kwaye bafezekise iinjongo zemali. Eli candelo ligocagoca kwiziseko zovavanyo lomngcipheko kunye nokubaluleka kokuqaphela ukunyamezela ubungozi bomntu.

2.1 UVavanyo loMngcipheko

Uvavanyo lomngcipheko yinkqubo yokuchonga imingcipheko enokuthi ichaphazele kakubi imisebenzi yakho yokurhweba kunye nokuvavanya ukuba nokwenzeka kunye nempembelelo yale mingcipheko. Ngokuvavanya ngokupheleleyo imingcipheko, traders banokuphuhlisa amacebo okuthomalalisa kwaye benze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi.

2.1.1 Ukuchongwa kweendidi ezohlukeneyo zoMngcipheko

Kurhwebo, iintlobo ezininzi zomngcipheko zinokuchaphazela isiphumo sotyalo-mali lwakho:

• Ingozi yeMakethe: Lo ngumngcipheko welahleko ngenxa yezinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza ngokubanzi kweemarike zemali. Umngcipheko weemarike unokubangelwa ukuhla kwezoqoqosho, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko, utshintsho kwi umgangatho wenzala, okanye iintlekele zemvelo. Ngokomzekelo, ukudodobala koqoqosho ngesiquphe kunokukhokelela ekuhlahleni kweemarike ngokubanzi, okuchaphazela ixabiso le esitokisini kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso.
• kwamatyala risk: Umngcipheko wokungabikho kwamanzi uvela xa a trader ayikwazi ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa impahla ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ilahleko. Oku kaninzi kwenzeka ngempahla enexabiso eliphantsi lokurhweba. Ukuba ubambe indawo enkulu kwindawo encinci traded stock, usenokungakwazi ukuyithengisa ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakhulu ixabiso lemarike.
• Umngcipheko weTyala: Ekwaziwa njengomngcipheko ongagqibekanga, umngcipheko wetyala kuyenzeka ukuba umboleki angaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zakhe ngokwemiqathango ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Kurhwebo, lo mngcipheko ubaluleke kakhulu xa usebenza amabhondi okanye ezinye izibambiso zomvuzo osisigxina. Ngokomzekelo, utyalo-mali kwiibhondi zenkampani lunomngcipheko wokuba inkampani ekhuphayo inokusilela ekuhlawuleni amatyala ayo.
• Umngcipheko wokuSebenza: Oku kubandakanya ilahleko ebangelwa kukungonelanga okanye ukungaphumeleli kweenkqubo zangaphakathi, abantu, iinkqubo, okanye iziganeko zangaphandle. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukusilela kobugcisa, iimpazamo zabantu, okanye ubuqhophololo.
• Umngcipheko weNkqubo: Umngcipheko wenkqubo yinto enokwenzeka ukuba isiganeko kwinqanaba lenkampani linokubangela ukungazinzi okukhulu okanye ukuwa kweshishini lonke okanye uqoqosho. Ingxaki yezemali ka-2008 ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wokwenziwa komngcipheko wenkqubo.
• Umngcipheko weMali: Ye tradeNgokubandakanyeka kutshintshiselwano lwangaphandle okanye kutyalo-mali kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, umngcipheko wemali inokubakho kwilahleko ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso otshintshiselwano.

Ukuchonga le mingcipheko linyathelo lokuqala ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso zokunciphisa. Abarhwebi kufuneka bahlale benolwazi malunga neemeko zemarike kwaye baqonde indlela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela ngayo utyalo-mali lwabo.

2.1.2 Uvavanyo loNyamezelo lwakho loMngcipheko

Ukuvavanya ukunyamezela kwakho umngcipheko kumalunga nokuqonda ukuba ungakanani umngcipheko ozimiseleyo kwaye okwaziyo ukuwuthatha ekufezekiseni iinjongo zakho zemali. Ibandakanya uvandlakanyo lobuqu lwemeko yakho yezemali, iinjongo zotyalo-mali, kunye nokuthuthuzela ngokwasengqondweni kunye nokungaqiniseki kunye nelahleko enokubakho.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuvavanywa ukunyamezela umngcipheko ziquka:

• Ubuchule bezeMali: Oku kubhekiselele ekukwazini kwakho ukufunxa ilahleko ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni uzinzo lwakho lwezezimali. Ibandakanya ukuhlalutya umvuzo wakho, iindleko, ii-asethi, amatyala, kunye neneti epheleleyo.
• IiNjongo zoTyalo-mali: Cacisa ukuba eyona njongo iphambili kukugcina imali eyinkunzi, ukuvelisa ingeniso, ukukhula, okanye intelekelelo. Iinjongo zakho ziya kuba nefuthe kwinqanaba lomngcipheko ofanelekileyo kwimisebenzi yakho yokurhweba.
• Ixesha Horizon: Ubude bexesha oceba ukubamba utyalo-mali luchaphazela amandla akho okubuyisela kwilahleko enokwenzeka. Ubude bexesha elide buvumela ukuthatha umngcipheko ngakumbi, njengoko kukho ixesha elininzi lokubuyisela ilahleko.
• Intuthuzelo Yeemvakalelo: Qwalasela indlela osabela ngayo ekuguquguqukeni kweemarike. Ukuba ilahleko enkulu ikwenza uxinezeleke ngokungafanelekanga okanye ikhokelele kwizigqibo ezingxamisekileyo, indlela eyongayo kakhulu inokufaneleka.

Ngokuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo ukunyamezela kwakho umngcipheko, unokwenza uhlengahlengiso lwakho izicwangciso zorhwebo ukulungelelanisa neenjongo zakho zemali kunye namanqanaba okuthuthuzela ngokwasengqondweni, ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kurhwebo olunengqeqesho olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo.

2.2 Ukunyamezelwa koMngcipheko

Ukunyamezela umngcipheko yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yocwangciso lotyalo-mali kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko. Imele iqondo lokuguquguquka kwimbuyekezo yotyalo-mali umntu azimisele ukumelana nayo. Ukuqonda ukunyamezela kwakho umngcipheko kunceda ekwakhiweni kwepotfoliyo ehambelana neenjongo zakho zemali kunye namandla omoya okujongana nelahleko.

2.2.1 Ukuqonda iiNjongo zakho zezeMali kunye neXesha

Iinjongo zakho zemali kunye nexesha elibonakalayo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukunyamezela kwakho umngcipheko:

• Usukelo Lwexesha elifutshane: Ukuba uneenjongo ekufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nazo ngexesha elifutshane, ezinjengokuthenga ikhaya okanye inkxaso-mali imfundo, ungakhetha utyalo-mali olunomngcipheko ophantsi wokuqinisekisa ukuba inkunzi iyafumaneka xa ifuneka.
• Iinjongo zexesha elide: Iinjongo ezifana nokucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi zivumela ixesha elide. Ngexesha elininzi, unokuthatha utyalo-mali olusemngciphekweni ophezulu olunokuthi lunike imbuyekezo enkulu, njengoko kukho ixesha elininzi lokubuyisela kuyo nayiphi na ilahleko yexesha elifutshane.
• Ukubekwa phambili kweeNjongo: Ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi ezona njongo zibalulekileyo kunokuncedisa ekumiseleni indawo yokwaba izixhobo kunye nokuba ungakanani umngcipheko onokuwuthatha kutyalo-mali ngalunye.

Ngokulungelelanisa utyalo-mali lwakho kunye neenjongo zakho zemali kunye nexesha lexesha, uqinisekisa ukuba akho cwangciso lo shishino ixhasa isicwangciso sakho semali sisonke.

2.2.2 Ukulungelelaniswa koMngcipheko kunye noMvuzo

Ukulungelelanisa umngcipheko kunye nomvuzo ibandakanya ukufumana eyona ilungileyo trade-ukucinywa phakathi kwezinto ezinokubakho imbuyekezo ephezulu kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kwelahleko. Le bhalansi iphenjelelwa kukunyamezela kwakho umngcipheko kunye neenjongo zotyalo-mali.

• Indlela yokuGcina: Umntu ongenabungozi trader inokubeka phambili ukugcinwa kwenkunzi kwaye ukhethe utyalo-mali olunomngcipheko ophantsi kunye nembuyekezo encinci, efana neebhondi zikarhulumente okanye i-blue-chip stocks.
• Indlela Endlongondlongo: A trader ngonyamezelo oluphezulu lomngcipheko lunokusukela utyalo-mali ngokuguquguquka okukhulu, njengezitokhwe zemarike ezivelayo okanye Iimpahla, ukufuna imbuyekezo ephezulu nangona umngcipheko okhulayo.
• Indlela eyahluka-hlukeneyo: Ngokwahluka kotyalo-mali kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-asethi nakumacandelo, traders inokulawula umngcipheko ngelixa ulandela imbuyekezo. Ukwahluka kunceda ukuthomalalisa impembelelo ye-asethi engasebenzi kakuhle kwipotfoliyo iyonke.

Ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi komngcipheko kunye nomvuzo kubalulekile. Imbuyekezo ephezulu enokwenzeka iza nomngcipheko ophezulu. Abarhwebi kufuneka bakhululeke kwinqanaba lomngcipheko abawuthathayo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba lihambelana neenjongo zabo zemali kunye nokunyamezela umngcipheko.

3. Ukwabiwa kwee-asethi kunye nokwaHlulwa

Ukwabiwa kwe-asethi okusebenzayo kunye nokwahlukahlukana zizicwangciso ezingundoqo kulawulo lomngcipheko kunye nolondolozo lwenkunzi. Ngokusasaza utyalo-mali ngobuchule kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-asethi nakwezo ndidi, traders inokunciphisa imingcipheko kwaye yandise amathuba okuba nembuyekezo. Eli candelo liphonononga imithetho-siseko yokwabiwa kwee-asethi kunye nokubaluleka kokwahlukana ekwakheni ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali eyomelela.

3.1 Ukwabiwa kweAsethi

Ukwabiwa kwee-asethi kubandakanya ukwahlula ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali phakathi kweendidi zee-asethi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezitokhwe, iibhondi, izinto zorhwebo, kunye nemali. Inkqubo ibalulekile kuba inefuthe elibonakalayo lokuba umtyali-mali uya kuhlangabezana neenjongo zakhe zemali. Iklasi nganye ye-asethi inamanqanaba ahlukeneyo omngcipheko kunye nokubuya, ngoko ukusebenza kwabo kuya kuhluka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

3.1.1 Ukwabiwa kweNkunzi Yakho kwiiKlasi zee-Asethi ezahlukeneyo

Ukwabiwa kwenkunzi kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-asethi yindlela ecwangcisiweyo yokulinganisa umngcipheko kunye nomvuzo ngokusekelwe kwiinjongo zotyalo-mali lomntu ngamnye, ukunyamezela umngcipheko, kunye nexesha elide. Iindidi ze-asethi eziphambili ziquka:

• Izabelo (Equities): Utyalo-mali kwisitokhwe kuthetha ukuthenga izabelo zeenkampani, ezinokubonelela ngokukhula ngokuxatyiswa kwenkunzi kunye nezabelo. Izitokhwe zidla ngokuthwala umngcipheko ophezulu kodwa zinikezela ngembuyekezo ephezulu.
• Iibhondi (Iziqinisekiso zoMvuzo oZinzileyo): Iibhondi ziimali-mboleko ezenziwe kwiinkampani okanye koorhulumente, ezibonelela ngengeniso yenzala rhoqo ngomngcipheko ophantsi ngokubanzi kunezitokhwe. Banceda ukuzinzisa ipotfoliyo kwaye banike imbuyekezo eqikelelweyo.
• commodities: Iimveliso ziquka iimpahla eziphathekayo ezifana igolide, ioli, kunye neemveliso zolimo. Utyalo-mali kwizinto zorhwebo lunokukhusela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokwahluka kweepotfoliyo ngenxa yonxulumano oluphantsi kunye neendidi zempahla zemveli.
• Imali eziinkozo kunye nokulingana kwemali: Ukubamba imali eziinkozo okanye izinto ezifanayo njengengxowa-mali yemalike kubonelela ngemali yokuhlawula amatyala kunye nokhuseleko kodwa kunika imbuyekezo encinci. Ivumela abatyali-mali ukuba bathathe intengisovantage yamathuba amatsha ngokukhawuleza.

Ipesenti yolwabiwo kwiklasi nganye ye-asethi ixhomekeke kumbandela ngamnye. Umzekelo, umtyali-mali omncinci onexesha elide anokwabela ngaphezulu kwizitokhwe zokukhula okunokwenzeka, ngelixa umtyali-mali osondela kumhlala-phantsi angakhetha iibhondi zengeniso kunye nokugcinwa kwemali eyinkunzi.

3.1.2 Ukudala i-Diversified Portfolio

Ukudala ipotifoliyo eyohlukeneyo akubandakanyi nje ukwaba izinto zexabiso kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo kodwa ukwahlula phakathi kudidi ngalunye. Oku kuthetha utyalo-mali kwii-securities ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kweklasi ye-asethi ukunciphisa umngcipheko ongekho kwinkqubo-umngcipheko othile kwinkampani okanye kwishishini elithile.

Kwizitokhwe, ulwahlulo lunokubandakanya utyalo-mali kwiinkampani kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, njengetekhnoloji, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye neempahla zabathengi, kunye nakuzo zonke iimalikethi ezahlukeneyo (i-cap-encinci, i-cap-mid, i-cap enkulu). Kwiibhondi, ukuhlukahluka kunokubandakanya umxube weebhondi zenkampani, iibhondi zikarhulumente, kunye neebhondi zikamasipala ezinokukhula okwahlukileyo kunye neempawu zekhredithi.

I-Diversification ijolise ekulungiseni ukuguquguquka kwepotfoliyo kuba ayilulo lonke utyalo-mali oluya kusebenza kakubi ngaxeshanye. Xa enye i-asethi iyancipha, enye inokunyuka, oku kunceda ukunciphisa ilahleko kunye nokuzinzisa imbuyekezo kwixesha elide.

3.2 Iintlobo ngeentlobo

Ukwahluka sisicwangciso solawulo lomngcipheko esixuba iindidi ezininzi zotyalo-mali ngaphakathi kwipotfoliyo. Ingqiqo emva kobu buchule kukuba ipotifoliyo eyakhiwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-asethi iya, ngokomndilili, ivelise imbuyekezo ephezulu yexesha elide kwaye ithobe umngcipheko wakhe nawuphi na umntu okanye ukhuseleko.

3.2.1 Ukunciphisa uMngcipheko ngoTyalo-mali kwiiMpahla ezahlukahlukeneyo

Utyalo-mali kwii-asethi ezahlukeneyo kunciphisa impembelelo yalo naluphi na utyalo-mali oluqhuba kakubi kwipotfoliyo iyonke. Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-asethi ezahlukeneyo zihlala zisabela ngokwahlukileyo kwisiganeko soqoqosho esifanayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa iimarike zemasheya ziyancipha, iibhondi zinokubamba ixabiso labo okanye zinyuke, zihlawule ilahleko ezivela kwi-equity.

Ukwahlukahlukana kunciphisa umngcipheko ongekho kucwangco, nto leyo engumngcipheko okhoyo kwinkampani ethile okanye kwishishini elithile. Ngokubamba uluhlu olubanzi lotyalo-mali, ukusebenza kakubi kwezinye ii-asethi kunokuthintelwa kukusebenza kakuhle kwezinye.

3.2.2 Ukwahluka kweJografi

Ukwahluka ngokwejografi kubandakanya ukusasaza utyalo-mali kumazwe ahlukeneyo nakwimimandla. Esi sicwangciso sinokukhusela ipotfoliyo kwiingozi ezithile zelizwe, ezifana nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko, ukudodobala koqoqosho, okanye utshintsho lolawulo.

Ukutyala imali kumazwe ngamazwe kuyakuvumela trader ukusebenzisa amathuba okukhula kwiimalike ezisahlumayo kwaye baxhamle kwimijikelo yezoqoqosho enokuthi ingadityaniswa nelizwe labo. Umzekelo, ukuba imakethi yasekhaya ifumana ukudodobala koqoqosho, iimarike kwezinye iingingqi zinokukhula, ezinokunceda ukulungisa ilahleko.

Nangona kunjalo, iyantlukwano yejografi nayo yazisa iingqwalasela ezongezelelweyo, ezinje ngomngcipheko wemali kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zolawulo. Kubalulekile ukuphanda nokuqonda ezi meko xa utyala imali kumazwe angaphandle.

4. Ubungakanani beNdawo kunye nokuPhumelela

Ubungakanani besikhundla kunye nomgangatho zizinto ezibalulekileyo zolawulo lomngcipheko kurhwebo. Ukumisela ngokufanelekileyo ubungakanani bakho tradekunye nokuqonda ukuba i-leverage isebenza njani inokuchaphazela kakhulu imbuyekezo kunye nelahleko yakho. Eli candelo liphonononga imithetho-siseko yobungakanani bendawo kunye nokusetyenziswa okunoxanduva lokukhusela inkunzi kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza korhwebo.

4.1 Ubungakanani beNdawo

Ubungakanani bendawo bubhekisa kwinkqubo yokumisela isixa esifanelekileyo semali eyabelwe umntu omnye trade. Yinkalo ebalulekileyo yolawulo lomngcipheko kuba inceda ukulawula ilahleko enokubakho kwi trade kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba akukho sikhundla esinye sinokulimaza kakhulu iakhawunti yakho yokurhweba.

4.1.1 Ukumisela ubungakanani obufanelekileyo boRhwebo lwakho

Ukumisela ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bakho trades ibandakanya ukuvavanya ukuba ingakanani inkunzi ozimisele ukuyibeka emngciphekweni kwinto ethile trade ngokunxulumene nenkunzi yakho yorhwebo iyonke. Indlela eqhelekileyo yimodeli yomngcipheko wepesenti esisigxina, apho a trader imingcipheko ipesenti kwangaphambili inkunzi yabo nganye trade, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-3%.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unayo i-akhawunti yokurhweba ye-10,000 yeedola kwaye uthathe isigqibo somngcipheko we-2% nganye trade, esona sixa siphezulu ungabeka emngciphekweni kuyo nayiphi na trade yi-$200. Le mali umngcipheko inceda ukugqiba ubungakanani isikhundla esekelwe tradeukungena kunye nokuyeka-ilahleko amanqanaba. Ngokuthobela le ndlela, unokunqanda ilahleko enokubakho kwaye ukhusele inkunzi yakho kwixesha elide.

4.1.2 Ukusebenzisa ubuchule obuSekwe kwiNdawo yoMngcipheko

Iindlela zokulinganisa indawo ezisekwe kumngcipheko zibandakanya ukulungelelanisa ubungakanani beendawo zakho ngokusekwe kumngcipheko othile onxulumene nento nganye trade. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nokuguquguquka kweemarike, ukungakwazi kwe-asethi, kunye neempawu zomntu ngamnye wesixhobo sezemali traded.

Obunye ubuchule kukuguquguquka okusekwe kwindawo yokulinganisa, apho ubungakanani bendawo buhlengahlengiswa ngokokuguquguquka kwe-asethi. Ii-asethi eziguquguqukayo ngakumbi zinokuba neesayizi ezincinci zokuchaza umngcipheko ophezulu, ngelixa ii-asethi eziguquguqukayo ezincinci zinokuqinisekisa izikhundla ezinkulu. Le ndlela inceda ekugcineni umgangatho ohambelanayo womngcipheko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo trades.

Enye indlela ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa komngcipheko / umlinganiselo womvuzo ukumisela ubungakanani bendawo. Abarhwebi bavavanya umvuzo onokubakho a trade xa kuthelekiswa nomngcipheko onokuthi ubekho, ujolise kwiimeko apho inzuzo enokwenzeka igqithise ilahleko enokubakho ngomlinganiselo onqwenelekayo, onjenge-2:1 okanye 3:1. Ngokudibanisa obu buchule, traders banokunyusa ubungakanani bendawo zabo ukuze balungelelanise neenjongo zabo zolawulo lomngcipheko.

4.2 Ukuphucula

Ingeniso ibandakanya ukusebenzisa imali ebolekiweyo ukwandisa imbuyekezo enokubakho kutyalo-mali. Ngelixa i-avareji inokukhulisa inzuzo, inokuphinda ikhulise ilahleko, iyenze ikrele elintlangothi-mbini ekurhwebeni. Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa i-leverage ngokuthembekileyo kubalulekile kulondolozo lwenkunzi.

4.2.1 Ukuqonda imingcipheko kunye neeNzuzo zokusebenzisa iNqanaba

I-leverage ivumela traders ukulawula indawo enkulu ngesixa esincinci semali eyinkunzi. Ngokomzekelo, nge-10:1 amandla, a trader uyakwazi ukulawula $10,000 ixabiso le-asethi nje $1,000 of eyinkunzi yabo. Oku kunokwandisa kakhulu imbuyekezo enokubakho kutyalo-mali ukuba trade uyaphumelela.

Nangona kunjalo, i-leverage ikwanyusa amandla elahleko. Intshukumo encinci embi kwimarike inokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu, enokuthi ibe ngaphezulu kotyalo-mali lokuqala. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kunokukhokelela imajini iminxeba, apho i broker ifuna imali eyongezelelweyo yokuhlawula ilahleko, okanye ukuvala iakhawunti.

Ukuqonda iimfuno zomda kunye nokuba izikhundla ezixhasiweyo zikuchaphazela njani ukuba sesichengeni sakho somngcipheko kubalulekile. Abarhwebi kufuneka baqonde ngokupheleleyo iimpembelelo zokuxhamla ngaphambi kokuba bafake kwizicwangciso zabo zokurhweba.

4.2.2 Ukusebenzisa i-Leverage ngokuthembekileyo

Ukusebenzisa i-leverage ngokufanelekileyo kubandakanya iindlela ezininzi eziphambili:

• Education: Phambi kokusebenzisa amandla, qiniseka ukuba uyayiqonda indlela esebenza ngayo, kubandakanya nemigaqo esetwe nguwe broker kunye nefuthe kwinkunzi yakho yorhwebo.
• Ukunciphisa iRatios ye-Leverage: Sebenzisa ireyishini esezantsi yokunciphisa umngcipheko. Nokuba a broker inika amandla aphezulu, ayithethi ukuba kufuneka usebenzise ubuninzi obukhoyo.
• Ulawulo lwengozi: Dibanisa amandla kunye nezicwangciso eziluqilima zolawulo lomngcipheko, njengokumisela imiyalelo efanelekileyo yokuyeka ilahleko kunye nokuziqhelanisa ngobulumko nokulinganisa indawo.
• Izikhundla zokubeka iliso: Gcina iliso elibukhali kwizikhundla ezixhasiweyo, njengoko ukunyakaza kweemarike kunokuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo ngenxa yokuvezwa okunyusiweyo.

Ngokusebenzisa i-leverage ngobuchule kunye nentsebenziswano neendlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula umngcipheko, traders bangaphucula imbuyekezo yabo enokubakho ngelixa bekhusela inkunzi yabo.

5. I-Stop-Loss Orders kunye ne-Trailing Stops

Kwindawo yokurhweba, ukulawula ilahleko enokwenzeka kunye nokukhusela iingeniso zizinto ezibalulekileyo zesicwangciso esiyimpumelelo. Imiyalelo yokuyeka ilahleko kunye neendawo zokumisa zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezincedayo trader izenze ngokuzenzekelayo le miba, ukunciphisa ukuthathwa kwezigqibo ngokweemvakalelo kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lomngcipheko. Eli candelo liphonononga indlela ezi zixhobo ezisebenza ngayo kunye nendlela ezinokuthi ziphunyezwe ngayo ngokufanelekileyo kwiindlela zokurhweba.

5.1 Iiodolo ze-Stop-Loss

Umyalelo wokuyeka ilahleko ngumyalelo obekwe kunye broker ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa isiqinisekiso sakuba sifikelele kwixabiso elithile, elaziwa ngokuba lixabiso lokumisa. Le ndlela yenzelwe ukunciphisa ilahleko yomtyali-mali kwisithuba sokhuseleko. Ngokumisela umyalelo wokuyeka ilahleko, traders inokuchaza kwangaphambili eyona lahleko iphezulu abazimisele ukuyamkela kwi trade, ukubonelela ngomnatha wokhuseleko ngokuchasene neentshukumo ezibalulekileyo zemarike kwicala elingathandekiyo.

5.1.1 Ukumisela imida kwilahleko enokubakho

Ukumisela imida kwilahleko enokwenzeka ngumba osisiseko wolawulo lomngcipheko. Ngokumisela eyona lahleko iphezulu eyamkelekileyo phambi kokungena a trade, tradeRS inokwenza izigqibo ezinenjongo ngakumbi kwaye inqande ukusabela ngokweemvakalelo kuguquguquko lwentengiso. Imiyalelo yokuyeka ilahleko iququzelela oku ngokuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthengisa (okanye uthenge, kwimeko yesithuba esifutshane) xa ixabiso lemarike lifikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo lokuyeka.

Ukuseta ngokufanelekileyo amanqanaba elahleko yokuyeka, traders kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo izinto ezinje:

• Ukunyamezelana nomngcipheko: Isixa semali abazimisele ukuyibeka emngciphekweni omnye trade ngokunxulumene nenkunzi yabo yorhwebo iyonke.
• Ukuguquguquka kweNtengiso: Ixabiso eliphakathi kweentshukumo zokhuseleko, ezinokunceda ekusetheni ilahleko yokuyeka engaqinanga kakhulu (ekhokelela ekuphumeni kwangaphambi kwexesha) okanye ikhulule kakhulu (okukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu).
• Uhlalutyo Technical: Inkxaso kunye nokumelana Amanqanaba, imigca yeendlela, kunye nezinye iipatheni zeetshathi ezinokwazisa amanqaku anengqiqo yokubeka ii-odolo zokuyeka ukulahleka.

Ngokumisela ngononophelo imiyalelo yokuyeka ilahleko, traders inokukhusela inkunzi yabo kwilahleko enkulu ngenxa yeentshukumo zemarike ezingalindelekanga.

5.1.2 Iindidi ze-Stop-Loss Orders

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-odolo zokuyeka ilahleko ukuba traders inokusebenzisa, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo:

• Market Stop-Loss Order: Lo myalelo ubangela umyalelo weemarike ukuthengisa (okanye ukuthenga) xa ixabiso lokuyeka lifikelelwe. Iqinisekisa ukubulawa kodwa hayi ixabiso lokubulawa, elinokuthi lihluke kwixabiso lokuyeka ngenxa ukuhluma, ngakumbi kwiimarike ezihamba ngokukhawuleza.
• Limit Stop-Loss Order: Ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-stop-limit order, oku kudibanisa i-stop order kunye nomyalelo omiselweyo. Emva kokuba ixabiso lokuyeka lifikeleleke, umyalelo uba ngumda wokuthengisa (okanye uthenge) ngexabiso elichaziweyo okanye elingcono. Nangona ibonelela ngolawulo kwixabiso lokubulawa, kukho umngcipheko wokuba umyalelo awunakwenziwa ukuba imarike idlula kwixabiso elimiselweyo.
• Stop-Limit Order: Ngokufana nomyalelo we-stop stop-loss order, ibeka zombini ixabiso lokuyeka kunye nexabiso elilinganiselwe. Xa ixabiso lokuyeka libangelwa, umyalelo uba ngumyalelo olinganiselweyo kunomyalelo wemarike. Oku kubonelela ngolawulo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi kodwa kunomngcipheko wokungabulawa.

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwe-stop-loss order order kuxhomekeke kwi trader phakathi kokuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa kunye nokulawula ixabiso lokubulawa.

5.2 Indawo zokumisa iiTrailings

A ukumisa ukuhamba Lulawulo lwelahleko oluguqukayo oluzilungelelanisa ngokwalo njengoko ixabiso lokhuseleko lisiya kwicala elilungileyo. Ivumela traders ukutshixeka kwingeniso ngelixa ugcina isikhundla sivuliwe ukuze uxhamle kwiintshukumo ezithe kratya zamaxabiso. Ukumisa umkhondo kunokusetwa kwipesenti ethile okanye isixa seedola kude nexabiso lemarike yangoku kwaye zilungelelanise ngokuzenzekelayo njengoko ixabiso litshintsha.

5.2.1 Ukukhusela iiNzuzo njengoko iXabiso liNjamela wena

Ukukhusela ingeniso kubaluleke njengokunciphisa ilahleko. Ukulandela kumisa uncedo trader ukuphumeza oku ngokulandela intshukumo yexabiso yokhuseleko. Ukuba ixabiso liyaqhubeka nokuhamba kakuhle, indawo yokumisa umkhondo ilungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo, igcina umgama osele ubekiwe ukusuka kwixabiso langoku. Ukuba ixabiso libuyisela ulwalathiso ngexabiso elimiselweyo, i-trailing stop ibangela umyalelo wokuvala indawo, ngaloo ndlela ifumana inzuzo eqokelelweyo.

Umzekelo, a trader ibeka i-trailing stop kwi-5% ngaphantsi kwexabiso lemarike. Ukuba ixabiso lesitokhwe liyenyuka, ixabiso le-trailing stop linyuka ngokuhambelanayo. Ukuba ixabiso lesitokisi liyancipha nge-5% ukusuka kwincopho yalo, i-trailing stop ibangela umyalelo wokuthengisa, ukukhusela inzuzo efunyenweyo ukuya kuloo ndawo.

Iindawo zokumisa umkhondo ziluncedo kakhulu kwiimarike eziguquguqukayo, apho amaxabiso anokutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Bayakuvumela trader ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiindlela ezinyukayo ngelixa ubonelela ngomnatha wokhuseleko ngokuchasene nokuhla ngequbuliso.

5.2.2 Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuZimisa ukuLalela

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa iindawo zokumisa ukulandelela, nganye ifanele izimbo ezahlukeneyo zokurhweba kunye neemeko zentengiso:

• Ipesenteji eZinzileyo yokuLawula ukuStop: Iseta isitophu esilandelayo kwipesenti esisigxina ngaphantsi kwexabiso lemarike. Le ndlela iqondile kwaye ilungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ngeentshukumo zexabiso.
• Fixed Dollar Isixa Trailing stop: Iyafana nendlela yepesenti kodwa isebenzisa imali esisigxina yedola endaweni yoko. Le ndlela iluncedo xa i trader ufuna ukukhusela isixa esithile senzuzo.
• I-Volatility-Based Trailing Stop: Lungisa umgama wokumisa okulandelayo ngokusekwe kuguquguquko lwe-asethi, rhoqo kusetyenziswa izikhombisi ezifana ne Umndilili woloRhoqo (ATR). Le ndlela ivumela ukumisa okubanzi kwiimarike eziguquguqukayo kunye nokumisa ngokukhawuleza kwiimarike ezizinzileyo.
• Itshathi eSekwe kwiTrailing stop: Usebenzisa uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha ukuseta iindawo zokumisa ukulandelela kwindawo ephambili inkxaso amanqanaba, imigca trend, okanye ukuhamba kwemida. Le ndlela ilungelelanisa amanqanaba okumisa kunye nezakhiwo zemarike kwaye inokunciphisa amathuba okuphuma kwangaphambi kwexesha.

Ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokumisa umkhondo kuxhomekeke kwi tradeiqhinga r, i-asethi ukuba traded, kunye neemeko zemarike zangoku. Ukudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo okanye ukuzihlengahlengisa ekuhambeni kwexesha kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwazo.

6. Amaqhinga okuHedging

Ekurhwebeni, izicwangciso zokukhusela zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko weentshukumo zexabiso elibi kwi-asethi. Ngokuthatha izikhundla zokunciphisa, traders inokukhusela iiphothifoliyo zabo kwilahleko enkulu. Eli candelo liphonononga ingqikelelo ye-hedging, indlela ewunciphisa ngayo umngcipheko, kwaye iphonononga amaqhinga aqhelekileyo okuheja anjengokurhweba ngababini kunye nokukhethwa kwe-hedging.

6.1 Ukukhusela

I-Hedging yindlela yokulawula umngcipheko esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ilahleko enokubakho kutyalo-mali ngokuthatha indawo echaseneyo kwi-asethi enxulumeneyo. Eyona njongo iphambili kukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwepotfoliyo kunye nokukhusela kwiintshukumo zemarike ezingathandekiyo. Ngelixa ukhuselo lunokunciphisa ilahleko, lunokuthi luthintele iinzuzo ezinokubakho, njengoko indawo yokuphelisa inokunciphisa inzuzo xa imarike ihamba kakuhle.

6.1.1 UkuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko ngokuThatha iZithuba zoNxibelelwano

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko ngokukhusela kubandakanya ukuqalisa a trade oko kuya kufumana ixabiso ukuba enye i-asethi kwipotfoliyo ilahlekelwa lixabiso. Esi sikhundla sokunciphisa sinceda ukuthothisa impembelelo yeentshukumo zexabiso elibi. Umzekelo, ukuba a trader unezabelo zenkampani kwaye uxhalabile malunga nokuhla okunokubakho kwixabiso lesitokhwe, banokuthi bathengise izivumelwano zexesha elizayo zesitokhwe esifanayo okanye bathenge iinketho zokubeka. Ukuba ixabiso lesitokisi liwa, iinzuzo ezivela kwisithuba esifutshane okanye ukhetho lunokunciphisa ilahleko kwi-stockholding.

I-Hedging ifana nokuthenga i-inshurensi yotyalo-mali lwakho. Kanye njengokuba i-inshurensi ikhusela kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga, uthango lukhusela ipotfoliyo yakho kwiingozi ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba amaqhinga okukhusela ahlala ebandakanya iindleko, ezifana neentlawulo zokhetho okanye iimbuyekezo ezincitshisiweyo ezivela kwizikhundla zokuhlawula. Abarhwebi kufuneka balinganise ezi ndleko kwiinzuzo ezinokubakho zokunciphisa umngcipheko.

6.1.2 Iindlela zokuCwangcisa eziQhelekileyo

Iindlela ezininzi zokubiyela zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi traders ukulawula umngcipheko:

Izibini zokurhweba

Ukurhweba ngababini kubandakanya ukuthatha izikhundla ngaxeshanye ezinde nezifutshane kwii-asethi ezimbini ezinxibelelene kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwishishini elinye okanye kwicandelo. Isicwangciso sijolise ekuzuzeni inzuzo ekusebenzeni okuhambelanayo kwezi zinto zimbini, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulwalathiso lwemarike lulonke. Ukuba i-asethi enye ayixabisekanga xa ithelekiswa nenye, i-asethi trader ihamba ixesha elide kwi-asethi engabalulekanga kwaye imfutshane kwi-overvalued one. Xa amaxabiso edibana, i trader unako ukuvala zombini izikhundla ngenzuzo.

Esi sicwangciso sithatha ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwembali phakathi kwee-asethi ezimbini luya kuqhubeka. Ukurhweba ngababini kunceda ukuthomalalisa umngcipheko wemarike kuba izithuba ezinde nezifutshane ziyahambelana malunga neentshukumo ezibanzi zeemarike. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ulungelelwaniso luqhekeka, isicwangciso sinokukhokelela kwilahleko.

Ukhetho lokuHlala

Options hedging isebenzisa iikhontrakthi zokhetho ukukhusela ngokuchasene nelahleko enokubakho kwi-asethi esisiseko. Iinketho ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zobuchule bokukhusela zezi:

• Izixhobo zoKhuseleko: Eli qhinga libandakanya ukuthenga iinketho zokubeka kwizinto onazo. Inketho yokubeka ikunika ilungelo, kodwa hayi uxanduva, lokuthengisa i-asethi ngexabiso elimiselweyo (ixabiso logwayimbo) ngaphambi komhla ochaziweyo. Ukuba ixabiso le-asethi liyehla ngaphantsi kwexabiso loqhankqalazo, ukhetho lokubeka luyanyuka kwixabiso, lunciphisa ilahleko kwi-asethi esisiseko. Oku kubonelela ngokhuseleko olusezantsi ngelixa kukuvumela ukuba uzuze kuyo nayiphi na into enokwenzeka.
• Iifowuni eziKhuselweyo: Kweli qhinga, uthengisa iinketho zokufowuna kwii-asethi onazo. Inketho yokufowuna inika umthengi ilungelo lokuthenga i-asethi ngexabiso logwayimbo. Ngokuthengisa ukhetho lomnxeba, ufumana i-premium, ebonelela ngengeniso kunye ne-buffer encinci ngokuchasene nelahleko enokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ixabiso le-asethi linyuka ngaphezu kwexabiso logwayimbo, kungafuneka uthengise i-asethi yakho ngexabiso loqhankqalazo, ngaloo ndlela ubeka amandla aphezulu.

Iinketho zokubiyela ziyakuvumela trader ukulungisa ukuba sesichengeni somngcipheko ngokusekwe kwinkangeleko yabo yemarike kunye nokunyamezela umngcipheko. Ngelixa iinketho zinokuba zixhobo ezisebenzayo zokubiyela, zifuna ukuqonda kwamaxabiso okhetho kwaye zibandakanya iindleko ezinje ngeeprimiyamu kunye neemali zokuthengiselana ezinokubakho.

Ezinye Izixhobo Zokuxhoma

• Izivumelwano zexesha elizayo: Abarhwebi banokusebenzisa iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo ukuthintela ukuhamba kwamaxabiso kwiimveliso, iimali, okanye izixhobo zemali. Ngokutshixa amaxabiso kwixesha elizayo, traders inokuzikhusela ekutshintsheni okungathandekiyo kumaxabiso emarike.
• IiNgxowa-mali eziThengiswayo (ETFs): Ii-ETF eziguqukileyo zisiya kwelinye icala le-asethi engaphantsi okanye isalathiso. Ukutyala imali kwii-ETF eziguquguqukayo kunokubonelela ngothango ngokuchasene nokwehla kumacandelo athile emarike.
• Izivumelwano eziPhambili: Iyafana nekamva kodwa yenziwe ngokwezifiso kwaye traded phezu-the-counter, iikhontrakthi phambili ziyakuvumela traders ukuseta amaxabiso entengiselwano yexesha elizayo, ukuthintela ukuhla kwamaxabiso.

7. Iinketho zokuRhweba kuLawulo loMngcipheko

Iinketho zokurhweba zibonelela ngeseti eguquguqukayo yezixhobo zokulawula umngcipheko kwipotfoliyo. Ngokubandakanya iinketho, tradeI-RS inokukhusela ngokuchasene neentshukumo ezisezantsi, ivelise ingeniso eyongezelelweyo, kwaye yandise izicwangciso zotyalo-mali ngokubanzi. Eli candelo liphonononga iziseko zokhetho, ukuba zingasetyenziselwa njani ukulawula umngcipheko, kunye nezicwangciso ezithile ezifana nokufakwa kokukhusela kunye neefowuni ezifihliweyo.

7.1 IiNdlela eziSiseko zoKhetho

Ukhetho luvela kwimali enika ilungelo, kodwa ingelulo unyanzeliso, lokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa i-asethi esisiseko ngexabiso elimiselweyo ngexesha elibekiweyo. Zizixhobo ezinamandla zokulawula umngcipheko kuba zivumela traders ukubiyela izikhundla, ukucinga ngeentshukumo zemarike ezinomngcipheko omncinci, kunye nokwenza ingeniso.

7.1.1 Ukuqonda iiFowuni kunye noKubeka

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zokhetho: iifowuni kunye nokubeka.

• Khetha umnxeba: Inketho yokufowuna inika umnini ilungelo lokuthenga i-asethi esisiseko ngexabiso elithile (ixabiso logwayimbo) ngaphambi okanye ekupheleni kwexesha. Abahwebi bathenga iinketho zokufowuna xa belindele ukuba ixabiso le-asethi ephantsi liya kunyuka ngaphezu kwexabiso logwayimbo ngaphambi kokuba ukhetho luphelelwe lixesha. Ukuba ixabiso lemarike lingaphezulu kwexabiso logwayimbo, umnini-nketho angasebenzisa ukhetho lokuthenga ngexabiso eliphantsi logwayimbo kwaye athengise ngexabiso eliphezulu lemarike, enze ingeniso kumahluko.
• Beka Iinketho: Inketho yokubeka inika umnini ilungelo lokuthengisa i-asethi esisiseko ngexabiso logwayimbo ngaphambi okanye ekupheleni kwexesha. Abarhwebi bathenga iinketho zokubeka xa belindele ukuba ixabiso le-asethi ephantsi liyancipha ngaphantsi kwexabiso logwayimbo. Ukuba ixabiso lemarike liwela ngaphantsi kwexabiso logwayimbo, umnini-nketho angasebenzisa ukhetho lokuthengisa ngexabiso eliphezulu loqhankqalazo, nangona ixabiso lemarike lisezantsi, ngaloo ndlela esenza inzuzo kumahluko.

Iikhontrakthi zokhetho zibandakanya iprimiyamu, elixabiso elihlawulwe ngumthengi kumthengisi (umbhali) wokhetho. Le ntlawulo ihlawula umthengisi ngesibophelelo abasithathayo ngokuthengisa ukhetho. Ixabiso lokhetho luphenjelelwa zizinto ezifana nexabiso le-asethi esisiseko, ixabiso logwayimbo, ixesha lokuphelelwa, ukuguquguquka, kunye nenzala.

7.1.2 Ukusebenzisa iiKhetho zokuKhusela okuNgaphantsi kunye nokuVelisa iNgeniso

Iinketho zinokusetyenziswa ngobuchule ukulawula umngcipheko kwipotfoliyo ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• UKhuseleko oluNgaphantsi: Ngokuthenga iinketho zokubeka, traders banokubiyela ngokuchasene nokwehla okunokwenzeka kwixabiso lempahla abanayo. Oku kusebenza njengepolisi ye-inshurensi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wecala ngelixa uvumela ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na into enokwenzeka. Ukufakwa kokhuseleko sisicwangciso esiqhelekileyo sale njongo.
• IsiZukulwana seNgeniso: Iinketho zokuthengisa, ezinjengeefowuni ezikhuselweyo, zivumela traders ukufumana iipremiyamu, ukubonelela ngengeniso eyongezelelekileyo kwimpahla yabo. Ngelixa esi sicwangciso sinokuvelisa ingeniso engaguqukiyo, sinokunciphisa amandla aphezulu ukuba ixabiso le-asethi esisiseko linyuka kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa iinketho kufuna ukuqondwa koomatshini babo kunye neengozi ezibandakanyekayo. Ukhetho lunokuphelelwa lixabiso ukuba intshukumo yexabiso elilindelekileyo ayenzeki, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwentlawulo yepremiyamu. Ngoko ke, iindlela zokhetho kufuneka zihambelane ne tradeumbono wemarike kunye nokunyamezela umngcipheko.

7.2 Izixhobo zoKhuseleko

Izinto ezikhuselayo sisicwangciso solawulo lomngcipheko esibandakanya ukuthenga iinketho zokubeka izinto esele zinayo. Obu buchule bubonelela ngomnatha wokhuseleko ngokuchasene nokuhla kwexabiso le-asethi, ngokufanelekileyo ukubeka umgangatho welahleko enokwenzeka.

7.2.1 Ukukhusela iPotfoliyo Yakho kwiMarket Downturns

Xa trader ungumnini we-asethi kwaye uxhalabile malunga nokuhla okunokwenzeka kwexesha elifutshane kodwa akafuni ukuthengisa i-asethi, banokuthenga ukhetho lokubeka ngexabiso logwayimbo okanye kufuphi nexabiso lemarike yangoku. Ukuba ixabiso le-asethi liwela ngaphantsi kwexabiso loqhankqalazo, ixabiso le-put option liyanyuka, livale ilahleko ekuhlatyweni kwe-asethi.

Umzekelo, masithi a tradeI-r inezabelo ze-100 zesitokhwe ngoku ixabiso le-$ 50 ngesabelo ngasinye. Ukukhusela ekuweni okunokwenzeka, i trader uthenga inketho yokubeka ngexabiso logwayimbo lwe-50 yeedola, ukuhlawula iprimiyamu ye-2 yeedola ngesabelo ngasinye. Ukuba ixabiso lesitokhwe liwela kwi-$ 40, i trader unokusebenzisa ukhetho lokuthengisa izabelo kwi-$ 50, ukuphepha i-$ 10 ngelahleko yesabelo ngasinye (ukunciphisa i-premium ehlawulwe). Ukuba ixabiso lesitokhwe liyenyuka, i trader iinzuzo ukusuka kuxabiso, kunye neendleko kuphela yintlawulo yepremiyamu ehlawulwe kwinketho yokubeka.

Izixhobo ezikhuselayo ziluncedo kakhulu kwiimarike eziguquguqukayo okanye xa ubambe ii-asethi ezinamathemba angaqinisekanga exeshana elifutshane. Bayakuvumela traders ukugcina izikhundla zabo kunye neendlela zotyalo-mali zexesha elide ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa ukuba bathengise ngexesha lokuhla kweemarike.

7.3 Iminxeba e-Inshoriweyo

Iifowuni ezigqunyiweyo sisicwangciso sokukhetha apho a trader ubambe isikhundla eside kwi-asethi kwaye uthengisa iinketho zokufowuna kwi-asethi efanayo. Le ndlela ingenisa ingeniso ngeentlawulo zanyanga le ezifunyenwe ekuthengiseni iinketho zokufowuna kodwa inokunqanda ukonyuka okunokwenzeka ukuba ixabiso le-asethi linyuka ngaphezu kwexabiso logwayimbo.

7.3.1 Ukuvelisa uMvuzo ngeli lixa uNciphisa amandla aNgaphezulu

Kwisicwangciso sokufowuna esigqunyiweyo, i trader ungumnini we-asethi esisiseko kwaye ubhala (uthengisa) iinketho zokufowuna ngexabiso logwayimbo elingaphezulu kwexabiso lemarike langoku. Iprimiyamu efunyenwe ngokuthengisa umnxeba ibonelela ngengeniso ekhawulezileyo kwaye inikezela ngesithintelo esincinci ngokuchasene nokwehla kwexabiso le-asethi.

Ukuba ixabiso le-asethi lihlala lingaphantsi kwexabiso logwayimbo kude kube lixesha lokuphela, ukhetho lokufowuna luphelelwa luxabiso, luvumela trader ukugcina iprimiyamu kwaye uqhubeke ubambe i-asethi. Ukuba ixabiso le-asethi linyuka ngaphezu kwexabiso logwayimbo, ukhetho lomthengi angasebenzisa olo khetho, kwaye trader unyanzelekile ukuba athengise i-asethi ngexabiso logwayimbo, enokuthi iphoswe kwiinzuzo ezingaphezulu kwelo nqanaba.

Umzekelo, a tradeI-r inezabelo ze-100 zesitokhwe ezixabisa i-$ 50 ngesabelo ngasinye kwaye ithengisa ukhetho lomnxeba kunye nexabiso logwayimbo lwe-$ 55 ye-premium ye-1 yesabelo ngasinye. Ukuba ixabiso lesitokhwe lihlala ngaphantsi kwe-$ 55, i trader igcina iprimiyamu kunye nezabelo. Ukuba ixabiso lesitokhwe liyenyuka ukuya kwi-60 yeedola, i trader kufuneka athengise izabelo kwi-55 yeedola, ebeka inzuzo kodwa axhamle kwixabiso lexabiso ukuya kwixabiso logwayimbo kunye neprimiyamu efunyenweyo.

Iminxeba e-inshoriweyo ifanelekile traders abangathathi cala kwinkangeleko yokunyusa kancinane kwi-asethi esisiseko kwaye bafuna ukuvelisa ingeniso eyongezelelweyo. Esi sicwangciso sithandwa phakathi kwabatyali-mali abafuna imbuyekezo ezinzileyo kwaye bazimisele ukwamkela amandla angaphezulu okuncinci ukutshintshiselana nomvuzo weprimiyamu.

8. IPsychology yoRhwebo kunye noLawulo lweMvakalelo

Urhwebo oluyimpumelelo ludlulela ngaphaya kwezakhono zokuhlalutya kunye nolwazi lwemarike; kukwafuna ukongamela iimvakalelo kunye neengqondo zikabani. Trading wezengqondo ibhekisa kwingqondo ye traders ngexesha lemisebenzi yabo yokurhweba kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo iinkqubo zabo zokwenza izigqibo. Ulawulo lweemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha kubalulekile ekwenzeni a cwangciso so shishino ngokusebenzayo kunye nokuphepha imigibe yengqondo eqhelekileyo enokukhokelela kwilahleko yemali. Eli candelo lihlalutya impembelelo yeemvakalelo ekusebenzeni kokurhweba kwaye linika izicwangciso zokugcina ulawulo lweemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha.

8.1 URhwebo ngokweemvakalelo

Ukurhweba ngokweemvakalelo kwenzeka xa izigqibo ziqhutywa ziimvakalelo kunohlalutyo olunengqiqo. Iimvakalelo ezinjengoloyiko, ukubawa, ithemba, kunye nokukhungatheka kunokuchaphazela kakhulu indlela yokuziphatha kwezorhwebo, edla ngokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingancumisiyo. Ukuqaphela kunye nokulawula ezi mvakalelo kubalulekile ukugcina ukungathathi hlangothi kunye nokwenza izigqibo zokurhweba ezinolwazi.

8.1.1 Ukuqaphela imigibe eqhelekileyo yeemvakalelo

Ukuqonda imiceli mngeni eqhelekileyo yeemvakalelo kurhwebo linyathelo lokuqala lokunciphisa impembelelo yazo:

• uloyiko: Uloyiko lunokubangela traders ukuthandabuza, ukuvala izikhundla phambi kwexesha, okanye ukunqanda ukuthatha trades ngokupheleleyo. Olu vakalelo ludla ngokuvela kuloyiko lokulahlekelwa yimali okanye ukuphoswa ziingeniso ezinokubakho. Ingakhokelela kumathuba alahlekileyo kunye nokuthintela traders ekulandeleni amaqhinga abo.
• kukubawa: Ukubawa kusenokutyhala traders ukuthatha imingcipheko egqithisileyo ekusukeleni iingeniso eziphezulu. Kunokukhokelela ekuthengiseni ngokugqithisileyo, ukubambelela kwizikhundla eziwinileyo ixesha elide, okanye ukungena trades ngaphandle kohlalutyo olufanelekileyo. Ukubawa kudla ngokukhokelela ekutyesheleni imigaqo yokulawula umngcipheko yaye kunokwandisa ilahleko.
• Ukuzithemba ngokugqithiseleyo: Emva kothotho lwempumelelo trades, tradeBasenokuzithemba ngokugqithiseleyo, becinga ukuba abanakuzenza iimpazamo. Le ngcamango inokukhokelela ekuziboneni, ukunciphisa inkuthalo ekuhlalutyeni, kunye nokuthatha ingozi engafanelekanga.
• Ukuziphindezela Trading: Ukufumana ilahleko kunokubangela umnqweno wokuzibuyisela ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela kwizigqibo ezingxamisekileyo kunye neemvakalelo. Urhwebo lokuziphindezela ludla ngokukhokelela kwilahleko eyongezelelekileyo njengoko traders bayawashiya amaqhinga abo ngeenzame zokufumana kwakhona inkunzi elahlekileyo.
• Bias yoQinisekiso: Abarhwebi banokufuna ulwazi oluqinisekisa iinkolelo zabo ezikhoyo ngelixa begatya ubungqina obuphikisanayo. Lo mkhethe unokuthintela traders ekuboneni umfanekiso opheleleyo kwaye ikhokelele ekwenziweni kwezigqibo kakubi.

Ukuqonda le migibe yeemvakalelo kuvumela traders ukuzisombulula ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokugcina indlela enengqiqo kurhwebo.

8.1.2 Ukuqulunqa ubuCwangciso bokuLawula iiMvakalo

Ukuphumeza izicwangciso zokulawula iimvakalelo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okungaguqukiyo kwezorhwebo:

• Ukuziqonda: Ukucinga rhoqo ngeemvakalelo zomntu kunokunceda ukuchonga xa iimvakalelo ziphembelela izigqibo. Ukugcina ijenali yokurhweba ukurekhoda iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo ngexesha trades inokunyusa ukuzazi.
• Iindlela zoLawulo loxinzelelo: Izenzo ezifana nokuphefumla okunzulu, ukucamngca, kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kunokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba oxinzelelo. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunegalelo ekucingeni okucacileyo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezingcono.
• Ukuzibekela Usukelo Olufikelelekayo: Ukuseka iinjongo zokurhweba ezinokufezekiswa kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka. Usukelo oluyinyani lunceda ukugcina inkuthazo kunye nokugxila.
• Ulawulo lwengozi: Ukuthobela imigaqo yokulawula umngcipheko, njengokumisela imiyalelo yokuyeka ilahleko kunye nokunciphisa inani lemali esemngciphekweni, kunokunciphisa uloyiko kunye nokuxhalaba okunxulumene nelahleko enokwenzeka.
• Ukungahlali emva kwelahleko: Ukuthatha ikhefu emva kwelahleko enkulu kunokuthintela ukwenza izigqibo ngokweemvakalelo. Ukuhamba kuvumela ixesha lokuphinda uzolile kwaye uphinde uvavanye izicwangciso ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngokuhlakulela ukomelela ngokweemvakalelo kunye nokusebenzisa ezi zicwangciso, tradeI-rs inokuphucula amandla abo okwenza izigqibo ezinengqiqo kwaye babambelele kwizicwangciso zabo zorhwebo.

8.2 Ukuziphatha ngoRhwebo

Ukuziphatha sisiseko sorhwebo oluyimpumelelo. Kubandakanya ukunamathela kwizicwangciso zorhwebo ezichazwe kwangaphambili, ukulandela imigaqo ngokungaguqukiyo, kunye nokuphepha izenzo ezingxamisekileyo. Ukuziphatha kokurhweba kuyanceda trader jonga iimarike ngendlela, ukunciphisa impembelelo yeemvakalelo kunye nokwandisa amathuba okufumana impumelelo yexesha elide.

8.2.1 Ukubambelela kwisicwangciso sakho soRhwebo

Isicwangciso sorhwebo sichaza i tradeiqhinga r, kuquka ukungena kunye nokuphuma, imithetho yolawulo lomngcipheko, kunye nobungakanani isikhundla. Ukubambelela kwesi sicwangciso kubalulekile ekugcineni ukungaguquguquki kunye nokuphepha ukusabela ngokweemvakalelo kuguquguquko lwentengiso.

• Izikhokelo ezicacileyo: Isicwangciso sokurhweba esichazwe kakuhle sibonelela ngezikhokelo ezicacileyo zokwenza izigqibo. Kufuneka ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha kwaye icace, iquka iimeko ezahlukeneyo zentengiso kunye nendlela yokuphendula kuzo.
• Ukubuya kwakhona kunye noQinisekiso: Ukuvavanya isicwangciso sokurhweba kwiinkcukacha zembali kunokwakha ukuzithemba ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ukwazi ukuba isicwangciso sisebenze kwixesha elidlulileyo kunokwenza kube lula ukunamathela kulo ngexesha lokurhweba ngokuphila.
• Uhlengahlengiso Xa Kuyimfuneko: Ngelixa ukunamathela kwisicwangciso kubalulekile, tradebafanele baqonde xa kufuneka uhlengahlengiso. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucwangcisiweyo kwaye kungekhona ekuphenduleni ukunyakaza kweemarike zexesha elifutshane okanye iimpembelelo zengqondo.

8.2.2 Ukuphepha ukwenza izigqibo ngokungxama

Izigqibo ezingxamisekileyo zihlala ziqhutywa ziimvakalelo kwaye zinokuphambuka kwisicwangciso sorhwebo. Ukuphepha izigqibo ezinjalo kubalulekile ukugcina uqeqesho:

• umonde: Ukulinda amathuba okurhweba afanelekileyo ahlangabezana nemilinganiselo yesicwangciso sorhwebo kuthintela ukungena trades isekelwe kwiimvakalelo ezifana noloyiko lokuphoswa.
• Ukunciphisa Iziphazamiso: Ukuhlala ugxininise kwisicwangciso sokurhweba kunye nokuphepha ukuphazamiseka, njengamahemuhemu emarike okanye iingcebiso ezingacetywanga, kunceda ukuthintela izenzo ezingxamisekileyo.
• Ukuziqhelanisa nengqondo: Ubuchwephesha obukhuthaza ukuba nengqondo bunokuphucula ukugxininiswa kunye nokunciphisa ukungxamiseka. Ukubakho kunye nokubandakanyeka ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokurhweba kuxhasa ukuthathwa kwezigqibo ezinengqeqesho.
• Ukumisela iMithetho yoRhwebo: Ukuseka imithetho eqinileyo, njengokungarhwebi ngeeyure ezithile okanye emva kothotho lwelahleko, kunokuthintela iimvakalelo kunye nokungxama. trades.

Ngokukhuthaza ukuziphatha kakuhle kunye nokuphumeza ezi zenzo, traders banokugcina ulawulo kwizenzo zabo, okukhokelela kwiziphumo zorhwebo ezingaguqukiyo nezinempumelelo.

isiphelo

Kwihlabathi elingaqikelekiyo lezorhwebo, ukugcinwa kwemali eyinkunzi kubalulekile ekufumaneni impumelelo yexesha elide. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomngcipheko kunye nokulungelelanisa izigqibo zotyalo-mali kunye neenjongo zezimali zomntu kunye nokunyamezela umngcipheko, traders inokudala izicwangciso ezomeleleyo ezikhusela inkunzi yazo. Ukwabiwa kwe-asethi kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zee-asethi kunye nemimandla yejografi iphinda ithobe imingcipheko kwaye yandise ingeniso enokubakho yembuyekezo.

Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinjengokwenza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bendawo, ukusetyenziswa ngoxanduva lokusebenzisa amandla, iiodolo zelahleko yokuyeka, kunye neendlela zokubiyela kunceda ukulawula ilahleko enokubakho kunye neengeniso ezikhuselekileyo. Ukongeza, ukubandakanya iinketho zokurhweba kunokubonelela ngokhuseleko olusezantsi kunye nokuveliswa kwengeniso, ngelixa ukugcinwa kokuziphatha ngokweemvakalelo kuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zokurhweba zisekelwe kuhlalutyo olunengqiqo kunokuphendula ngokungxama.

Ekugqibeleni, ukudibanisa ezi zicwangciso zokulawula umngcipheko kwenza traders ukuhambahamba kwiimarike ngokuzithemba kunye nokomelela. Ngokuzibophelela kwimfundo eqhubekayo kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela efanelekileyo, tradeAbarhwebi banokulukhusela utyalo-mali lwabo kwaye bazibeke kwimpumelelo engaguqukiyo kubume obuguquguqukayo borhwebo.